Maven安装与配置＜非常有用＞及“‘cmd‘ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序”问题和setting.xml构建完成打不开等问题详解

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前言

主要写的是maven的下载以及安装，以及可能遇见的“‘cmd’ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序”问题和配置完setting.xml打不开等一系列问题。

一、安装Maven

可去官网自行下载：https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

二、配置环境变量

1.首先打开自己下载的maven地址
2.右键此电脑–>属性–>高级系统设置–>环境变量

新建变量MAVEN_HOME =E:\SX\apache-maven-3.6.0（以自己的安装路径为准）

3.编辑变量Path，添加变量值%MAVEN_HOME%\bin

4.win+R运行cmd，输入mvn -version，如图所示则配置成功

5（补充）：若显示如上图则不用看此，这个是为了补充遇到的一点小问题
当许多小伙伴安装完后运行显示：‘cmd’ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序时可尝试使用下列方法：
（1）.在path变量中添加 %SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem; 再次运行
（2）在win10下检查path中的语句有无“；”号，有则删去
（3）可能是因为配置不匹配所产生的错误，最快的解决方案：
打开环境变量中的path，选择安装的路径:

点击浏览选择安装的maven的bin目录，如图所示

这也可以直接匹配具体的位置，然后win+R运行cmd，输入mvn -version，即可显示配置成功

三、配置本地仓库

1，建立本地仓库：

2打开conf目录中的settings文件在对应位置输入

四、配置镜像

在settings文件中对应mirror位置输入：

五、配置JDK

在settings文件中对应profile位置输入：

六：运行：

win+R运行cmd，输入mvn help:system，若显示如下则建立成功

七 seeting.xml文件配置完成却无法正确打开问题

注意：若输入完成显示:

是maven版本问题，3.60以后的版本不支持拉取http，可使用3.60以前的版本。

八 setting.xml代码（需要自取）

若不想打的小伙伴可以直接复制：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License athttp://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->

<!--| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:|| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml|| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven| installation). It's normally provided in| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml|| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.||-->

-<settings xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0">

<!-- localRepository| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.|| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository> -->


<localRepository>E:\SX\apache-maven-3.6.0\repo</localRepository>

<!-- interactiveMode| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for| the parameter in question.|| Default: true<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode> -->


<!-- offline| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.|| Default: false<offline>false</offline> -->


<!-- pluginGroups| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.|-->



-<pluginGroups>

<!-- pluginGroup| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup> -->


</pluginGroups>

<!-- proxies| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy| specification in this list marked as active will be used.|-->



-<proxies>

<!-- proxy| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.|<proxy><id>optional</id><active>true</active><protocol>http</protocol><username>proxyuser</username><password>proxypass</password><host>proxy.host.net</host><port>80</port><nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts></proxy> -->


</proxies>

<!-- servers| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.|-->



-<servers>

<!-- server| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).|| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are| used together.|<server><id>deploymentRepo</id><username>repouser</username><password>repopwd</password></server> -->


<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.<server><id>siteServer</id><privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey><passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase></server> -->


</servers>

<!-- mirrors| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.|| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored| it to several places.|| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred| server for that repository.|-->



-<mirrors>

<!-- mirror| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.|<mirror><id>mirrorId</id><mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf><name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name><url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url></mirror> -->



-<mirror>

<id>alimaven</id>

<name>aliyun maven</name>

<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>

<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>

</mirror>

</mirrors>

<!-- profiles| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine- | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.|| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.|| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.|| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration| variables for plugins in the POM.||-->



-<profiles>

<!-- profile| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.|| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.|| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.<profile><id>jdk-1.4</id><activation><jdk>1.4</jdk></activation><repositories><repository><id>jdk14</id><name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name><url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url><layout>default</layout><snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy></repository></repositories></profile> -->



-<profile>

<id>jdk-1.8</id>


-<activation>

<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

<jdk>1.8</jdk>

</activation>


-<properties>

<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>

<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>

</properties>

</profile>

<!--| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration| might hypothetically look like:|| ...| <plugin>| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>|| <configuration>| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>| </configuration>| </plugin>| ...|| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.|<profile><id>env-dev</id><activation><property><name>target-env</name><value>dev</value></property></activation><properties><tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath></properties></profile> -->


</profiles>

<!-- activeProfiles| List of profiles that are active for all builds.|<activeProfiles><activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile><activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile></activeProfiles> -->


</settings>