RSA非对称加密

非对称加密：
分为如下几种
DH: 秘钥交互算法
RSA: 基于因子分解 （最常用）
ELGamal ：离散对数
ECC: 椰圆曲线加密
先就主要介绍 RSA 非对称加密

相对还是比较耗时的。所以一般建议，配合 AES 对称加密使用。

加密耗时：802
解密耗时：2

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

/**
 * 非对称加密
 */
public class RSA {

    public static String pass = "$%^&ERTYUJVBN";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String data = "哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈";

        //这里用于提前生成公钥和私钥
        byte[] privateKey1 = getPrivateKey(pass);
        String privateKey64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(privateKey1);
        System.out.println(privateKey64);
        byte[] publicKey1 = getPublicKey(pass);
        //转换成 base64 方便秘钥的保存，秘钥一般只申请一次。
        String publicKey64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(publicKey1);
        System.out.println(publicKey64);


       
        //将保存的秘钥转换成 byte 数组，然后进行加解密
        byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey64);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);

        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKey64));
        KeyFactory keyFactory1 = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory1.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);


        //公钥加密
        long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,publicKey);
        byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println(Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes));
        System.out.println("加密耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-l));

        //私钥解密
        l = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Cipher cipher1 = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher1.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,privateKey);
        byte[] bytes1 = cipher1.doFinal(bytes);
        System.out.println(new String(bytes1));
        System.out.println("解密耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-l));
    }

    public static byte[] getPublicKey(String pass) throws Exception {
        //生成秘钥对
        KeyPairGenerator rsa = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        rsa.initialize(512,new SecureRandom(pass.getBytes("UTF-8")));
        KeyPair keyPair = rsa.generateKeyPair();
        return keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();
    }

    public static byte[] getPrivateKey(String pass) throws Exception {
        //生成秘钥对
        KeyPairGenerator rsa = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        rsa.initialize(512,new SecureRandom(pass.getBytes("UTF-8")));
        KeyPair keyPair = rsa.generateKeyPair();
       return  keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded();
    }

}