Mysql查询练习

一、
设有一数据库，包括四个表：学生表（Student）、课程表（Course）、成绩表（Score）以及教师信息表（Teacher）
create table student
(
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,
sname varchar(20) not null,
ssex varchar(20) not null,
sbirthday datetime,
class varchar(20)
);

create table teacher
(
tno varchar(20) not null primary key,
tname varchar(20) not null,
tsex varchar(20) not null,
tbirthday datetime,
prof varchar(20),
depart varchar(20) not null
);
create table course
(
cno varchar(20) not null primary key,
cname varchar(20) not null,
tno varchar(20) not null
);
create table score
(
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,
foreign key(sno) references student(sno),
cno varchar(20) not null,
degree decimal
);
create table grade(low int(3),upp int(3),rank char(1))
#添加学生信息
insert into student values(‘108’,‘曾华’,‘男’,‘1977-09-01’,‘95033’);
insert into student values(‘105’,‘匡明’,‘男’,‘1975-10-02’,‘95031’);
insert into student values(‘107’,‘王丽’,‘女’,‘1976-01-23’,‘95033’);
insert into student values(‘101’,‘李军’,‘男’,‘1976-02-20’,‘95033’);
insert into student values(‘109’,‘王芳’,‘女’,‘1975-02-10’,‘95031’);
insert into student values(‘103’,‘陆君’,‘男’,‘1974-06-03’,‘95031’);
#添加教师表
insert into teacher values(‘804’,‘李诚’,‘男’,‘1958-12-02’,‘副教授’,‘计算机系’);
insert into teacher values(‘856’,‘张旭’,‘男’,‘1969-03-12’,‘讲师’,‘电子工程系’);
insert into teacher values(‘825’,‘王萍’,‘女’,‘1972-05-05’,‘助教’,‘计算机系’);
insert into teacher values(‘831’,‘刘冰’,‘女’,‘1977-08-14’,‘助教’,‘电子工程系’);
#添加课程表
insert into course values(‘3-105’,‘计算机导论’,‘825’);
insert into course values(‘3-245’,‘操作系统’,‘804’);
insert into course values(‘6-166’,‘数字电路’,‘856’);
insert into course values(‘9-888’,‘高等数学’,‘831’);
#添加成绩表
insert into score values(‘103’,‘3-245’,‘86’);
insert into score values(‘105’,‘3-245’,‘75’);
insert into score values(‘109’,‘3-245’,‘68’);
insert into score values(‘103’,‘3-105’,‘92’);
insert into score values(‘105’,‘3-105’,‘88’);
insert into score values(‘109’,‘3-105’,‘76’);
insert into score values(‘103’,‘3-105’,‘64’);
insert into score values(‘105’,‘3-105’,‘91’);
insert into score values(‘109’,‘3-105’,‘78’);
insert into score values(‘103’,‘6-166’,‘85’);
insert into score values(‘105’,‘6-166’,‘79’);
insert into score values(‘109’,‘6-166’,‘81’);
成绩表
insert into grade values(90,100,’A’)
insert into grade values(80,89,’B’)
insert into grade values(70,79,’C’)
insert into grade values(60,69,’D’)
insert into grade values(0,59,’E’)

1、 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。
SELECT sno, cno, degree FROM score WHERE degree BETWEEN 60 AND 80
2、查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录
SELECT sno, cno, degree FROM score WHERE degree IN (85,86,88)
3、查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录
SELECT sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class FROM student WHERE class = ‘95031’ OR ssex = ‘女’
4、以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录
SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY class DESC
5、以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录
SELECT sno,cno,degree FROM score ORDER BY cno ASC, degree DESC
6、查询“95031”班的学生人数
SELECT COUNT() FROM student WHERE class = ‘95031’
7、查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号
SELECT sno,cno,degree FROM score ORDER BY degree DESC LIMIT 1
8、查询每门课的平均成绩
SELECT cno, AVG(degree) AS score FROM score GROUP BY cno
9、查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数
SELECT AVG(Degree) FROM score WHERE Cno LIKE ‘3%’ GROUP BY Cno HAVING COUNT()>=5
10、查询分数大于70，小于90的Sno列
SELECT sno,cno,degree FROM score WHERE degree > 70 AND degree < 90
11、查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列
SELECT sname, cno, degree FROM student , score WHERE student.sno = score.cno
12、查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列
SELECT sno,cname,degree FROM course, score WHERE course.cno = score.cno
13、查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列
select Sname,Cname,Degree from student,course,score where student.Sno=score.Sno and course.Cno=score.Cno
14、查询“95033”班学生的平均分
SELECT AVG(degree) AS score FROM score WHERE sno IN (SELECT sno FROM student WHERE class = ‘95033’)
15、查询选修“3-245”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录
SELECT sno, cno, degree FROM score WHERE cno = ‘3-245’ AND degree >
(SELECT degree FROM score WHERE sno = 109)
16、查询和学号为108、101的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列
SELECT sno, sname, stu.sbirthday FROM student stu INNER JOIN (
SELECT sbirthday FROM student WHERE sno IN (108, 101)
) AS stu2
ON YEAR(stu.sbirthday) = YEAR(stu2.sbirthday) AND stu.sno NOT IN (108, 101)

17、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩
SELECT degree FROM score WHERE cno IN (
SELECT cno FROM course WHERE tno IN (
SELECT tno FROM teacher WHERE tname = ‘张旭’
)
)

18、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名
SELECT tname FROM teacher WHERE tno IN (
SELECT tno FROM course WHERE cno IN (
SELECT cno FROM score GROUP BY cno HAVING COUNT(*) >5
)
)

19、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree
SELECT cno, sno, degree FROM score WHERE cno = ‘3-105’ AND degree > ALL
(SELECT degree FROM score WHERE cno=‘3-245’) ORDER BY degree DESC

20、查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday
SELECT tname,tsex,tbirthday FROM teacher
UNION
SELECT sname, ssex, sbirthday FROM student

21、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday
SELECT Tname,Tsex,Tbirthday FROM Teacher WHERE Tsex=‘女’ UNION SELECT Sname,Ssex,Sbirthday FROM Student WHERE Ssex=‘女’

22、查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表
SELECT * FROM score a WHERE degree <
(SELECT AVG(degree) FROM score b WHERE a.cno = b.cno)

23、查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart
SELECT tname, depart FROM teacher WHERE tno NOT IN
(SELECT DISTINCT tno FROM course)

24、查询至少有2名男生的班号
SELECT class FROM student WHERE ssex = ‘男’ GROUP BY class HAVING COUNT(*) >=2

25、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录
SELECT * FROM student WHERE sname NOT LIKE ‘王%’

26、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄
SELECT sname , YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(sbirthday) FROM student

27、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值
SELECT MAX(sbirthday), MIN(sbirthday) FROM student

28、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname
SELECT * FROM student WHERE ssex =
(SELECT ssex FROM student WHERE sname = ‘李军’)

29、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname
SELECT t1.sname FROM student t1
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT ssex, class FROM student WHERE sname=‘李军’
) t2
ON t1.class = t2.class AND t1.ssex = t2.ssex

30、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表
SELECT Sno,Cno,degree FROM score WHERE Cno=( SELECT Cno FROM course WHERE Cname=‘计算机导论’) AND Sno IN (SELECT Sno FROM student WHERE Ssex=‘男’)

二、mysql的关键字
exists 和 in的效率比较
select * from A where id in(select id from B)
以上查询使用了in语句,in()只执行一次,它查出B表中的所有id字段并缓存起来.之后,检查A表的id是否与B表中的id相等,如果相等则将A表的记录加入结果集中,直到遍历完A表的所有记录.
它的查询过程类似于以下过程

List resultSet=[];
Array A=(select * from A);
Array B=(select id from B);

for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<B.length;j++) {
if(A[i].id==B[j].id) {
resultSet.add(A[i]);
break;
}
}
}
return resultSet;
in()适合B表比A表数据小的情况

select a.* from A a where exists(select 1 from B b where a.id=b.id)
exists()会执行A.length次,它并不缓存exists()结果集,因为exists()结果集的内容并不重要,重要的是结果集中是否有记录,如果有则返回true,没有则返回false.
它的查询过程类似于以下过程
List resultSet=[];
Array A=(select * from A)

for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
if(exists(A[i].id) { //执行select 1 from B b where b.id=a.id是否有记录返回
resultSet.add(A[i]);
}
}
return resultSet;
当B表比A表数据大时适合使用exists(),因为它没有那么遍历操作,只需要再执行一次查询就行

val>ALL(subset):表示val比subset中每一个元素都大 ；
ANY表示任一个，SOME是ANY的变体，含义相同
val=ANY(subset):表示val等于subnet子集中的任何一个元素皆可，等同于val IN （subnet）
val>ANY(subnet):表示val比subnet中最小的元素大即可

2、学生成绩表 （用户名，课程名，成绩）
CREATE TABLE score_sheet(NAME VARCHAR(30), course VARCHAR(30), score INT)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

数据：
INSERT INTO score_sheet(NAME, course, score) VALUES (‘张三’, ‘语文’, 87),(‘张三’, ‘数学’, 87),(‘张三’, ‘英语’, 87),
(‘张三’, ‘物理’, 87),(‘李四’, ‘语文’, 80),(‘李四’, ‘语文’, 77),(‘李四’, ‘化学’, 77),(‘王五’, ‘化学’, 77),(‘王五’, ‘数学’, 90),
(‘张三’, ‘语文’, 87),(‘张三’, ‘物理’, 87),(‘李四’, ‘语文’, 77)

1、查询每门课程的平均成绩
SELECT course, AVG(score) FROM score_sheet GROUP BY course
2、查询重复数据
SELECT DISTINCT s1.* FROM score_sheet s1 WHERE (
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM score_sheet s2 WHERE s1.name = s2.name AND s1.course = s2.course
) > 1
3、统计每门课程的平均分数，不包括重复数据
SELECT AVG(score), t2.course FROM
(SELECT DISTINCT t1.* FROM score_sheet t1) t2 GROUP BY t2.course