鸟哥LInux学习拾遗（1）

1、显示时间、日期   date  cal

# date

2016年 03月 17日 星期四 09:01:53 CST

# cal
      三月 2016
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
       1  2  3  4  5
 6  7  8  9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31

2、系统内置的计算器  bc

# bc

bc1.06.95

Copyright1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This isfree software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.

Fordetails type `warranty'.

1+1

2

3、查看当前登录了哪些用户  who

# who

root     pts/0        2016-03-17 08:49 (10.10.1.6)
4、查看网络连接状态 netstat

Print network connections, routing tables,interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

如：  

  netstat -a        看所有信息

  netstat -t        查看TCP端口

  netstat -r        查看路由表

5、查看进程状态  ps  pstree

（1）ps :

       report a snapshot of the currentprocesses

ps displays information about a selection of theactive processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and thedisplayed information, use top(1) instead.

Note that "ps-aux" is distinct from "ps aux". The POSIX and UNIXstandards require that "ps -aux" print allprocesses owned by a user named "x", as well as printing allprocesses that would be selected by the -a option. If the user named"x" does not exist, this ps may interpret the command as "psaux" instead and print a warning. This behavior is intended to aid in transitioningold scripts and habits. It is fragile, subject to change, and thus should notbe relied upon.

 

Example：

-a  

Select all processes except both session leaders(see getsid(2)) and processes not associated with a terminal.

 

u

       userlistSelect by effective user ID (EUID) or name. This selects the processes whoseeffective user name or ID is in userlist. The effective user ID describes theuser whose file access permissions are used by the process (see geteuid(2)).Identical to -u and --user.

 

# ps u

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY     STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root      2818  0.0  0.0  4064   532 tty2     Ss+ Feb14   0:00 /sbin/mingetty/dev/tty2

root      2820  0.0  0.0  4064   536 tty3     Ss+ Feb14   0:00 /sbin/mingetty/dev/tty3

root      2822  0.0  0.0  4064   532 tty4     Ss+ Feb14   0:00 /sbin/mingetty/dev/tty4

root      2824  0.0  0.0  4064   532 tty5     Ss+ Feb14   0:00 /sbin/mingetty/dev/tty5

root      2826  0.0  0.0  4064   528 tty6     Ss+ Feb14   0:00 /sbin/mingetty/dev/tty6

root      2852  0.0  0.1 160480 29524 tty1     Ss+ Feb14   1:01 /usr/bin/Xorg :0 -nr-verb

root    114048  0.0  0.0 108468 1940 pts/0    Ss   08:49  0:00 -bash

root    114099  0.0  0.0 143896 3460 pts/0    T    08:53  0:00 vim a

root    114280  0.0  0.0 101124  976 pts/0    S+   09:22  0:00 man ps

root    114283  0.0  0.0 106092 1152 pts/0    S+   09:22  0:00 sh -c (cd "/usr/share/man"

root    114284  0.0  0.0 106092  564 pts/0    S+   09:22  0:00 sh -c (cd "/usr/share/man"

root    114288  0.0  0.0 105444  864 pts/0    S+   09:22  0:00 /usr/bin/less -is

root    114322  0.0  0.0 108468 1876 pts/1    Ss   09:34  0:00 -bash

root    114839  0.0  0.0 110240 1140 pts/1    R+   10:18  0:00 ps u

 

（2）pstree

–p

       Show PIDs.PIDs are shown as decimal numbers in parentheses after each process name. –p implicitlydisables compaction.

–n

       Sortprocesses with the same ancestor by PID instead of by name. (Numeric sort.)

 

6、数据同步写回磁盘 sync

       内存数据写回，有重要数据的修改，在关机前可以调用，不过shutdown/reboot/halt等命令执行时已经默认调用。

7、查看linux系统版本  lsb_release -a

# lsb_release -a

LSBVersion:   :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch

DistributorID:       CentOS

Description:          CentOSrelease 6.5 (Final)

Release:             6.5

Codename:          Final

 

8、查看当前目录  pwd   忽略链接，展示真实路径  -P

9、单引号  双引号  变量 不同的效果

[root@server3 tmp]# name=123

[root@server3 tmp]# echo $name

123

[root@server3 tmp]# myname="$name isnanm"

[root@server3 tmp]# echo $myname

123 is nanm

[root@server3 tmp]# myname='$name is nanm'

[root@server3 tmp]# echo $myname

$name is nanm

 

10、查找  grep

[root@server3 tmp]# alias grep='grep--color=auto'

[root@server3 tmp]# source~/.bashrc

[root@server3 tmp]# grep -A2 -B3-n  'class' a.txt

12-importcom.ocappm.model.BoxData;

13-importcom.ocappm.pub.database.ConnectionSource;

14-

15:publicclass IndexDaoImpl implements IndexDao{

16-     private Connection connection = null;

17-     private PreparedStatement statement = null;