Java并发编程：线程间的协作wait()、notify()、notifyAll()和Condition

java并发编程协作有两种方式：1、利用Object对象下面的wait()、notify()或者notifyAll() 2、领用Condition的await()、singnal()或者singnalAll()

其中需要注意的是：

对于方式1、调用wait()、notify()或者notifyAll()  必须在同步块或者同步方法中进行（synchronized块或者synchronized方法）。

对于方式2、await()、singnal()或者singnalAll()必须在lock()和unlock()方法中进行。

下面以常见的生成着和消费者模型为例，说明这两种方式的使用。我们以购物车为例，当购物车为空的时候，不允许从购物车中拿操作，当购物车满5个商品的时候为满，不允许再放入商品。本例仅仅为说明以上两个方式的使用，不具有说明实际意义

一、使用方式1

ShoppingCar.java

public class ShoppingCar {
	private Queue<String> queue = null;
	Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	public ShoppingCar(Queue<String> queue) {
		super();
		this.queue = queue;
	}

	public  void getGood(String i){
		
		synchronized (queue) {
			System.out.println("current queue size is "+queue.size()+" car"+i+" start get good");
			while(queue.isEmpty()){ 
				try {
					System.out.println("car "+i+" get good stop");//当queue空的时候，等待，并让出对象锁
					queue.wait();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			String g = queue.poll();
			System.out.println("car "+i+" get good "+ g +" suceed");
			queue.notifyAll();
		}
	}
	public  void addGood(String i,String g){
	
		synchronized (queue) {
			System.out.println("current queue size is "+queue.size()+" car"+i+" start add "+g);
			while(queue.size()>=5){
				try {
					System.out.println("car"+i+" add"+g+" stop");//当queue满的时候，等待，并让出对象锁
					queue.wait();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			System.out.println("car "+i+" add "+g+" suceed");
			queue.add(g);
			queue.notifyAll();
		}
	}
}

使用方式2

ShoppingCar2.java

public class ShoppingCar2 {
	private Queue<String> queue = null;
	Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	Condition empty =  lock.newCondition();
	Condition full = lock.newCondition();
	public ShoppingCar2(Queue<String> queue) {
		super();
		this.queue = queue;
	}

	public  void getGood(String i){
		lock.lock();
		try{
			System.out.println("current queue size is "+queue.size()+" car"+i+" start get good");
			while(queue.isEmpty()){
				try {
					System.out.println("car "+i+" get good stop");//当queue空的时候，等待，并让出对象锁
					empty.await();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			
			String g = queue.poll();
			System.out.println("car "+i+" get good "+ g +" sssuceed");
			full.signalAll();
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
		
	}
	public  void addGood(String i,String g){
	
		lock.lock();
		try{
			System.out.println("current queue size is "+queue.size()+" car"+i+" start add "+g);
			while(queue.size()>=5){
				try {
					System.out.println("car"+i+" add "+g+" stop");//当queue满的时候，等待，并让出对象锁
					full.await();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			System.out.println("car "+i+" add "+g+" suceed");
			queue.add(g);
			empty.signalAll();
		}finally{
		lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}

调用：

public class Demo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ShoppingCar2 car = new ShoppingCar2(new LinkedList<String>());
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>ExecutorService addser = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>ExecutorService getser = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>addser.submit(new AddThread(i, car));
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>getser.submit(new GetThread(i, car));
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>addser.shutdown();
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>getser.shutdown();
		
	}
	
	public  static class AddThread implements Runnable{
		ShoppingCar2 car = null;
		int id;
		public AddThread(int i,ShoppingCar2 car){
			this.car = car;
			this.id = i;
		}
		@Override
		public void run() {
			while(true){
			car.addGood(String.valueOf(id),String.valueOf((int)(100*Math.random())));
			try {
				Thread.currentThread().sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())*10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			}
		}
	}
	public  static class GetThread implements Runnable{
		ShoppingCar2 car = null;
		int id;
		public GetThread(int i,ShoppingCar2 car){
			this.car = car;
			this.id = i;
		}
		@Override
		public void run() {
			while(true){
			car.getGood(String.valueOf(id));
			try {
				Thread.currentThread().sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())*10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			}
		}
	}
}

说明：购物车有两个操作，一个get商品、一个add商品、在Demo类中我们有一个AddThread类专门去add商品、一个GetThread类专门去get商品。main方法中，我们分别产出10个Get线程和10个Add线程去执行商品的add和get操作。

商品用一个随机生成的数字代替，get和add商品的时间也随机指定。执行结果如下：

<span style="color:#330000;">current queue size is 0 car0 start add 53
car 0 add 53 suceed
current queue size is 1 car3 start add 58
car 3 add 58 suceed
current queue size is 2 car4 start add 82
car 4 add 82 suceed
current queue size is 3 car2 start add 33
car 2 add 33 suceed
current queue size is 4 car6 start add 99
car 6 add 99 suceed
current queue size is 5 car7 start add 53
<span style="background-color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">car7 add 53 stop</span>
current queue size is 5 car1 start add 45
car1 add 45 stop
current queue size is 5 car8 start add 59
car8 add 59 stop
current queue size is 5 car5 start add 58
car5 add 58 stop
current queue size is 5 car9 start add 88
car9 add 88 stop
current queue size is 5 car0 start get good
car 0 get good 53 sssuceed
current queue size is 4 car3 start get good
car 3 get good 58 sssuceed
current queue size is 3 car1 start get good
car 1 get good 82 sssuceed
current queue size is 2 car2 start get good
car 2 get good 33 sssuceed
current queue size is 1 car4 start get good
car 4 get good 99 sssuceed
<span style="background-color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">car 7 add 53 suceed</span>
car 1 add 45 suceed
car 8 add 59 suceed
car 5 add 58 suceed
car 9 add 88 suceed
current queue size is 5 car5 start get good
car 5 get good 53 sssuceed
current queue size is 4 car6 start get good
car 6 get good 45 sssuceed
current queue size is 3 car8 start get good
car 8 get good 59 sssuceed
current queue size is 2 car9 start get good
car 9 get good 58 sssuceed
current queue size is 1 car7 start get good
car 7 get good 88 sssuceed
current queue size is 0 car4 start add 88
car 4 add 88 suceed
current queue size is 1 car9 start get good
car 9 get good 88 sssuceed
current queue size is 0 car5 start add 1
car 5 add 1 suceed
current queue size is 1 car9 start get good
car 9 get good 1 sssuceed
current queue size is 0 car9 start get good
car 9 get good stop
current queue size is 0 car1 start add 70
car 1 add 70 suceed</span>

我们选取部分的结果分析，看标注的两个地方

<span style="color:#330000;"><span style="background-color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">car7 add 53 stop</span></span>

执行到这里时，购物车满了，没有添加到购物车

<span style="color:#330000;"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">car 7 add 53 suceed</span></span>

到这里时候，由于有线程在get商品，此时购物车中商品小于5个了，可以添加商品了，就添加成功