施密特触发器

from: http://hi.baidu.com/hieda/blog/item/c996d9cc5d1a8c1400e92877.html

施密特触发器(Schmitt Trigger)，简单的说就是具有滞后特性的数字传输门。

（一）施密特触发器结构举例
（二）施密特触发器具体分析
（三）施密特触发器电路用途
（四）施密特触发器相关部分总结
（五）附：用555定时器构成施密特触发器
                     用555定时器构成多谐振荡器

Sometimes an input signal to a digital circuit doesn't directly fit the description of a digital signal. For various reasons it may have slow rise and/or fall times, or may have acquired some noise that could be sensed by further circuitry. It may even be an analog signal whose frequency we want to measure. All of these conditions, and many others, require a specialized circuit that will "clean up" a signal and force it to true digital shape.

The required circuit is called a Schmitt Trigger. It has two possible states just like other multivibrators. However, the trigger for this circuit to change states is the input voltage level, rather than a digital pulse. That is, the output state depends on the input level, and will change only as the input crosses a pre-defined threshold.
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（一）施密特触发器结构举例

施密特触发器最重要的特点是能够把变化缓慢的输入信号整形成边沿陡峭的矩形脉冲。同时，施密特触发器还可利用其回差电压来提高电路的抗干扰能力。它是由两级直流放大器组成，电路如图2-64所示。

 

两只晶体管的发射极连接在一起。该电路也有两个稳定状态(即为双稳态电路)，但它是靠电位触发的。它的两个稳态分别为 VT1饱和、VT2截止与VT2饱和、VT1截止。两个稳态的相互转换取决于输入信号的大小，当输入信号电位达到接通电位且维持在大于接通电位时，电路保持为某一稳态；如果输人信号电位降到断开电位且维持在小于断开电位时，电路迅速翻转且保持在另一状态，该电路常用于电位鉴别、幅度鉴别以及对任意波形进行整形。

	触发端	稳态	R	C	作用
双稳态电路	两个