Form表单请求,一般常用的是Get和Post提交方式,
Get方式提交
表单内容
<form action="user/login.do" method="get" >
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
Get方式提交,最后以 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/user/login.do?username=zhangsan&password=123456 请求服务器。
Post方式提交
Post提交方式,Form表单有两种enctype类型:
1、enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
也是默认的提交类型,一般针对文本请求参数,不含附件。比如
<form action="user/login.do" method="post" >
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
提交表单时的Http请求如下:
POST http://localhost:8080/springmvc/user/login.do HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 33
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Origin: http://localhost:8080
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Referer: http://localhost:8080/springmvc/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
username=zhangsan&password=123456
消息头中的
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
消息体中内容以key=value的形式拼接
username=zhangsan&password=123456
2、enctype="multipart/form-data"
需要上传附件时,必须为"multipart/form-data"。,比如
<form action="user/login.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"><br>
上传文件:<input type="file" name="uploadFile"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
提交表单时,Http请求协议如下:
POST http://localhost:8080/springmvc/user/login.do HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 400
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Origin: http://localhost:8080
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Referer: http://localhost:8080/springmvc/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
------WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"
zhangsan
------WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"
123456
------WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="uploadFile"; filename="file.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
文件中的内容
------WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y--
请求消息头中, Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarykALcKBgBaI9xA79y
boundary为分隔符.
消息体中的每个参数都会以“--”+boundary 隔开,最后一个分隔符末尾需要加"--",即"--"+boundary+"--"
模拟Form表单请求
在了解了表单请求时组装的Http协议后,我们就按照http协议,模拟出表单请求了。比如使用HttpUrlConnection上传文件,当然很多Http框架已经帮我们实现了文件上传,比如
Okhttp、HttpClient等。
如何使用HttpUrlConnection实现文件上传,可以参考我的另一篇文章如何使用 HttpURLConnection上传文件