Spring常用配置

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-04 23:19:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-04 23:19:39 发布

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分类专栏： # SpringBoot 读书笔记文章标签： SpringBoot 读书笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhangquanwei2013/article/details/103017514

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一、Bean的Scope

Scope描述的是Spring容器如何新建Bean的实例的。Spring的Scope有以下几种，通过@Scope注解来实现。
1.Singleton:一个Spring容器中只有一个Bean的实例，此为Spring默认配置。
2.Prototype：每次调用新建一个Bean实例。
3.Request：Web项目中，给每一个http request新建一个Bean实例。
4.Session：Web项目中，给每一个http session新建一个实例。
5.GlobalSession：这个只在portal应用中有用，给每一个global http session新建一个Bean实例。

另外，在Spring Batch中还有一个Scope是使用@StepScope。

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class DemoSingletonService {
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@Scope("prototype")
public class DemoPrototypeService {
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.stereotype")
public class ScopeConfig {
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ScopeConfig.class);
        DemoSingletonService s1 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);
        DemoSingletonService s2 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);

        DemoPrototypeService p1 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);
        DemoPrototypeService p2 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);

        System.out.println("s1 与 s2 是否相等: "+s1.equals(s2));
        System.out.println("p1 与 p2 是否相等: "+p1.equals(p2));
    }


}

20:54:14.331 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor'
20:54:14.339 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'scopeConfig'
20:54:14.344 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'demoSingletonService'
s1 与 s2 是否相等: true
p1 与 p2 是否相等: false

二、Spring EL 和资源调用

Spring EL-Spring表达式语言，支持在xml和注解中使用表达式。
Spring主要在注解@Value的参数中使用表达式:
1.注入普通字符
2.注入操作系统属性
3.注入表达式运算结果
4.注入其他Bean的属性
5.注入文件内容
6.注入网址内容
7.注入属性文件

示例

在resource目录创建test.txt内容随意，创建test.properties,内容如下:

book.author=zqw
book.name=spring boot

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class DemoService {
    @Value("其他类属性")
    private String another;

    public String getAnother() {
        return another;
    }

    public void setAnother(String another) {
        this.another = another;
    }
}

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.el")
@PropertySource("classpath:test.properties")
public class ElConfig {
    @Value("I Love You!")
    private String normal;

    @Value("#{systemProperties['os.name']}")
    private String osName;

    @Value("#{T(java.lang.Math).random()*100.0 }")
    private double randomNumber;

    @Value("#{demoService.another}")
    private String fromAnother;

    @Value("classpath:test.txt")
    private Resource testFile;
    @Value("http://www.baidu.com")
    private Resource testUrl;

    @Value("${book.name}")
    private String bookName;
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;

    @Bean
    public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigure(){
        return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
    }

    public void outputResorce(){
        try{
            System.out.println(normal);
            System.out.println(osName);
            System.out.println(randomNumber);
            System.out.println(fromAnother);
            System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testFile.getInputStream()));
            System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testUrl.getInputStream()));
            System.out.println(bookName);
            System.out.println(environment.getProperty("book.author"));
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ElConfig.class);
        ElConfig resourceService = context.getBean(ElConfig.class);
        resourceService.outputResorce();
        context.close();
    }
}

21:43:27.899 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Found key 'book.name' in PropertySource 'environmentProperties' with value of type String
I Love You!
Windows 10
88.96421774892094
其他类属性
EL 表达式测试
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&amp;tpl=mn&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp; <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp; <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

spring boot
21:43:28.042 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Found key 'book.author' in PropertySource 'class path resource [test.properties]' with value of type String
zqw
21:43:28.043 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@123a439b, started on Mon Nov 11 21:43:27 GMT+08:00 2019

三、Bean的初始化和销毁

Spring对Bean的声明周期的操作提供了支持，在使用Java配置和注解配置下提供如下两种方式:
1.Java配置方式: 使用@Bean的initMethod和destoryMethod。
2.注解方式: 利用JSR-250的@PostConstruct和@PreDestory。

示例

        <!--增加JSR250支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>

public class BeanWayService {
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("@Bean-init-method");
    }
    public BeanWayService(){
        super();
        System.out.println("初始化构造函数-Bean-Way-Service");
    }
    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("@Bean-destory-method");
    }
}

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

public class JSR250WayService {
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("jsr250-init-method");
    }
    public JSR250WayService(){
        super();
        System.out.println("初始化构造函数-JSR250WayService");
    }
    @PreDestroy
    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("jsr250-destory-method");
    }

}

1.@PostConstruct ,在构造函数执行完之后执行
2.@PreDestory,在Bean销毁之前执行

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.prepost")
public class PrePostConfig {
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destory")
    BeanWayService beanWayService(){
        return new BeanWayService();
    }
    @Bean
    JSR250WayService jsr250WayService(){
        return new JSR250WayService();
    }

}

initMethod和destoryMethod指定BeanWayService类的init和destory方法在构造之后、Bean销毁之前执行。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PrePostConfig.class);
        BeanWayService beanWayService = context.getBean(BeanWayService.class);
        JSR250WayService jsr250WayService = context.getBean(JSR250WayService.class);
        context.close();
    }
}

22:06:52.498 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'beanWayService'
初始化构造函数-Bean-Way-Service
@Bean-init-method
22:06:52.514 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'jsr250WayService'
初始化构造函数-JSR250WayService
jsr250-init-method
22:06:52.542 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1175e2db, started on Mon Nov 11 22:06:52 GMT+08:00 2019
jsr250-destory-method
@Bean-destory-method

四、Profile

Profile为在不同环境下使用不同的配置提供了支持:
1.通过设定Environment的ActiveProfiles来设定当前context需要使用的配置环境。在开发中使用@Profile注解类或方法，达到不同情况下选择实例化不同的Bean，
2.通过设定JVM的spring.profiles.active参数来设置配置环境。
3.Web项目设置在Servlet的context paramter中。

示例


public class DemoBean {
    private String content;
    public DemoBean(String content){
        super();
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

@Configuration
public class ProfileConfig {
    @Bean
    @Profile("dev")
    public DemoBean devDemoBean(){
        return new DemoBean("from development profile");
    }

    @Bean
    @Profile("prod")
    public DemoBean prodDemoBean(){
        return new DemoBean("from production profile");
    }
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("prod");
        context.register(ProfileConfig.class);
        context.refresh();
        DemoBean demoBean = context.getBean(DemoBean.class);
        System.out.println(demoBean.getContent());
        context.close();
    }

}

22:33:22.804 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'profileConfig'
22:33:22.811 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'prodDemoBean'
from production profile
22:33:22.874 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1175e2db, started on Mon Nov 11 22:33:22 GMT+08:00 2019

五、事件

Spring的事件为Bean与Bean之间的消息通信提供了基础，当一个Bean处理完一个任务之后，希望另外一个Bean知道并能做相应的处理，这时就需要另外一个Bean监听当前Bean所发送的事件。
Spring的事件需要遵循如下流程:
1.自定义事件，继承ApplicationEvent。
2.定义事件监听器，实现ApplicationListener。
3.使用容器发布事件

示例

//定义事件
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

public class DemoEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private String msg;
    public DemoEvent(Object source,String msg){
        super(source);
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//事件监听
@Component
public class DemoListener implements ApplicationListener<DemoEvent> {

   //接收消息处理
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(DemoEvent event){
        String msg = event.getMsg();
        System.out.println("我(bean-demoListener)接收了bean-demoPublisher发布的消息: "+msg);
    }
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//事件发布
@Component
public class DemoPublisher {
    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    public void publish(String msg){
        applicationContext.publishEvent(new DemoEvent(this,msg));
    }
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.event")
public class EventConfig {
}

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(EventConfig.class);
        DemoPublisher demoPublisher = context.getBean(DemoPublisher.class);
        demoPublisher.publish("hello application event");
        context.close();
    }
}

 22:50:39.977 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'demoListener'
22:50:39.983 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'demoPublisher'
我(bean-demoListener)接收了bean-demoPublisher发布的消息: hello application event
22:50:40.014 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1175e2db, started on Mon Nov 11 22:50:39 GMT+08:00 2019

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Spring常用配置

一、Bean的ScopeScope描述的是Spring容器如何新建Bean的实例的。Spring的Scope有以下几种，通过@Scope注解来实现。1.Singleton:一个Spring容器中只有一个Bean的实例，此为Spring默认配置。2.Prototype：每次调用新建一个Bean实例。3.Request：Web项目中，给每一个http request新建一个Bean实例。4....
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