53. Maximum Subarray

内容：

Find the contiguous subarray within an array (containing at least one number) which has the largest sum.

For example, given the array [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4],
the contiguous subarray [4,-1,2,1] has the largest sum = 6.

思路：

动态规划

另sum[i]表示从i开始的最大子串和，则有递推公式：sum[i] = max{A[i], A[i] + sum[i+1]}

因为递推式只用到了后一项，所以在编码实现的时候可以进行状态压缩，用一个变量即可

int maxSubArray(int A[], int n) {
  int sum = A[n - 1];
  int maxSum = sum;

  for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
    sum = max(A[i], sum + A[i]);
    maxSum = max(maxSum, sum);
  }

  return maxSum;
}