函数的定义
//第一种方式(常规)
function fun(name,age) {}
//第二种方式(函数表达式)
let fun2 = function (name,age) {}
//第三种方式(构造函数)
let fun3 = new Function('name','age', 'console.log(title)')//1
//第四种方式(箭头函数)
let fun4 = (name,age)=>{}
函数的参数
//函数定义时可以给形参指定默认值
function fun(name, age = 11, address) {
console.log(name)
console.log(age)
console.log(address)
}
fun('zhangsan', 12, 'China') //name='zhangsan',age=12,address='China'
fun('zhangsan') //name='zhangsan',age='11',address=undefined
fun('zhangsan', 12, 'China', 12) //name='zhangsan',age=12,address='China',多余的参数会忽略
//使用rest参数接收多个参数
function fun2(...args){
//arguments中包含所有接收到的参数
console.log(arguments.length)//3
console.log(args.reduce((a,b)=>a+b));
}
fun2(1,2,3)//6
this
函数
-
全局环境下的this为windows对象。
console.log(this===window)//true
-
函数中的this为window
function fun(){ 'use strict' console.log(this)//undefined(非严格模式下为window) } fun()
方法
-
函数为对象的方法时this指向该对象
-
构造函数用来生成对象,所以this指向当前对象
function Person(name,age){ this.name = name, this.age = age, getName(){ console.log(this.name) } } let zs = new Person('zhangsan',11); let ls = new Person('lisi',12); function Person(name, age) { this.name = name this.age = age this.getName = function () { console.log(this.name) } } let zs = new Person('zhangsan', 11) zs.getName()//zhagsan let ls = new Person('lisi', 12) ls.getName()//lisi
-
对象字面量,对象方法中的函数属于全局,此时的this指向window
let xp = { username: 'zhangan', getName(){ console.log(this.username)//zhangsan function inner(){ console.log(this.username) //username is not defined } inner() } } xp.getName();
箭头函数
- this为函数所处的上下文,即箭头函数和外层函数指向同一个this
let xp = {
username: 'zhangan',
getName(){
return ()=>{
return this.usename//此时this为xp
}
}
}
console.log(xp.getName()());//zhangsan