掉下个小石头

石头2019/6/19Arranged probabilityProblem 100If a box contains twenty-one coloured discs, composed of fifteen blue discs and six red discs, and two discs were taken at random, it can be seen that the...

Sub-string divisibility Problem 43 The number, 1406357289, is a 0 to 9 pandigital number because it is made up of each of the digits 0 to 9 in some order, but it also has a rather interesting sub-str

Pandigital multiples Problem 38 Take the number 192 and multiply it by each of 1, 2, and 3:192 × 1 = 192 192 × 2 = 384 192 × 3 = 576 By concatenating each product we get the 1 to 9 pandigital, 192

Coded triangle numbers Problem 42 The nth term of the sequence of triangle numbers is given by, tn = ½n(n+1); so the first ten triangle numbers are:1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, …By converting

Distinct powersProblem 29Consider all integer combinations of ab for 2 ≤ a ≤ 5 and 2 ≤ b ≤ 5:22=4, 23=8, 24=16, 25=3232=9, 33=27, 34=81, 35=24342=16, 43=64, 44=256, 45=102452=25, 5

Self powers Problem 48 The series, 11+22+33+...+1010=104050713171^1 + 2^2 + 3^3 + ... + 10^{10} = 10405071317.Find the last ten digits of the series, 11+22+33+...+100010001^1 + 2^2 + 3^3 + ... + 1000

Convergents of eProblem 65The square root of 2 can be written as an infinite continued fraction.√2 = 1 +1 2 +1  2 +1   2 +1

Lexicographic permutationsProblem 24A permutation is an ordered arrangement of objects. For example, 3124 is one possible permutation of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4. If all of the permutation

Champernowne’s constant Problem 40 An irrational decimal fraction is created by concatenating the positive integers:0.123456789101112131415161718192021…It can be seen that the 12th digit of the fract

Odd period square rootsProblem 64All square roots are periodic when written as continued fractions and can be written in the form:√N = a0 +1 a1 +1

10001st primeProblem 7By listing the first six prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13, we can see that the 6th prime is 13.What is the 10 001st prime number?python code :import ma

Highly divisible triangular numberProblem 12The sequence of triangle numbers is generated by adding the natural numbers. So the 7th triangle number would be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28.

Non-abundant sumsProblem 23A perfect number is a number for which the sum of its proper divisors is exactly equal to the number. For example, the sum of the proper divisors of 28 would be

Quadratic primesProblem 27Euler discovered the remarkable quadratic formula:n² + n + 41It turns out that the formula will produce 40 primes for the consecutive values n = 0 to 39. Howe

Pandigital prime Problem 41 We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 to n exactly once. For example, 2143 is a 4-digit pandigital and is also prime. What

华电北风吹 天津大学认知计算与应用重点实验室 完成日期：2015/7/30Integer right triangles Problem 39 If p is the perimeter of a right angle triangle with integral length sides, {a,b,c}, there are exactly three solutions for p

Lattice pathsProblem 15Starting in the top left corner of a 2×2 grid, and only being able to move to the right and down, there are exactly 6 routes to the bottom right corner.How many su

石头2019/6/13Three distinct points are plotted at random on a Cartesian plane, for which -1000 ≤ x, y ≤ 1000, such that a triangle is formed.Consider the following two triangles:A(-340,495), B(-153,...

If we are presented with the first k terms of a sequence it is impossible to say with certainty the value of the next term, as there are infinitely many polynomial functions that can model the sequenc...

Euler’s Totient function, φ(n) [sometimes called the phi function], is used to determine the number of positive numbers less than or equal to n which are relatively prime to n. For example, as 1, 2, 4...

The smallest number expressible as the sum of a prime square, prime cube, and prime fourth power is 28. In fact, there are exactly four numbers below fifty that can be expressed in such a way:28 = 2...

Andrew Zhang Nov 4, 2017By counting carefully it can be seen that a rectangular grid measuring 3 by 2 contains eighteen rectangles: Although there exists no rectangular grid that contains exactly tw

Andrew Zhang Nov 4, 2017Consider quadratic Diophantine equations of the form:x2–Dy2=1x^2 – Dy^2 = 1For example, when D=13, the minimal solution in x is 6492–13×1802=1649^2 – 13×180^2 = 1.It can be as

Andrew Zhang Nov 11, 2017Consider the fraction, n/d, where n and d are positive integers. If n < d and HCF(n,d)=1, it is called a reduced proper fraction.If we list the set of reduced proper fraction

Andrew zhang Sep 4, 2017The number 145 is well known for the property that the sum of the factorial of its digits is equal to 145:1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145Perhaps less well known is 169, in th

Andrew Zhang Jul 16, 2017It is possible to write five as a sum in exactly six different ways:4 + 1 3 + 2 3 + 1 + 1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1How many different ways can one hundred

Andrew Zhang Sep 4, 2017Triangle, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, and octagonal numbers are all figurate (polygonal) numbers and are generated by the following formulae:Triangle P3,

lazy_piger 2017-07-16Consider the fraction, n/d, where n and d are positive integers. If n<<d and HCF(n,d)=1, it is called a reduced proper fraction.If we list the set of reduced proper fractions for

华电北风吹 2017-02-23Largest exponential Problem 99 Comparing two numbers written in index form like 211 and 37 is not difficult, as any calculator would confirm that 211 = 2048 < 37 = 2187.However, con

Coin sumsProblem 31In England the currency is made up of pound, £, and pence, p, and there are eight coins in general circulation:1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 (100p) and £2 (200p).It

Truncatable primes Problem 37 The number 3797 has an interesting property. Being prime itself, it is possible to continuously remove digits from left to right, and remain prime at each stage: 3797, 7

Maximum path sum IProblem 18By starting at the top of the triangle below and moving to adjacent numbers on the row below, the maximum total from top to bottom is 23.37 42 4 68 5 9

Maximum path sum IIProblem 67By starting at the top of the triangle below and moving to adjacent numbers on the row below, the maximum total from top to bottom is 23.37 42 4 68 5 9

Counting SundaysProblem 19You are given the following information, but you may prefer to do some research for yourself.1 Jan 1900 was a Monday.Thirty days has September,April, June a

Reciprocal cyclesProblem 26A unit fraction contains 1 in the numerator. The decimal representation of the unit fractions with denominators 2 to 10 are given:1/2= 0.51/3

Pandigital products Problem 32 We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 to n exactly once; for example, the 5-digit number, 15234, is 1 through 5 pandigit

华电北风吹 天津大学认知计算与应用重点实验室 完成日期：2015/7/29Double-base palindromes Problem 36 The decimal number, 585 = 10010010012 (binary), is palindromic in both bases.Find the sum of all numbers, less than one milli

Distinct primes factors Problem 47 The first two consecutive numbers to have two distinct prime factors are:14 = 2 × 7 15 = 3 × 5The first three consecutive numbers to have three distinct prime fact

Digit factorials Problem 34 145 is a curious number, as 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145.Find the sum of all numbers which are equal to the sum of the factorial of their digits.Note: as 1! = 1 and 2

Circular primes Problem 35 The number, 197, is called a circular prime because all rotations of the digits: 197, 971, and 719, are themselves prime.There are thirteen such primes below 100: 2, 3, 5,