C/C++中数据类型转换_int to char函数包含在哪个头文件中-CSDN博客

https://blog.csdn.net/vast_sea/article/details/8122213

https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-11/124918.htm

Linux内核中只有atoi()函数，被包含在stdlib.h头文件中，而没有itoa()函数，不过，itoa()函数的功能可以用sprintf()函数代替。如

int nValue = 80;

char* szBuffer = (char *)malloc(sizeof(int) + 1); //分配动态内存

memset(szBuffer, 0, sizeof(int) + 1); //内存块初始化

sprintf(szBuffer, "%d", nValue); //整数转化为字符串

free(szBuffer); //释放动态分配的内存

sprintf 跟printf 在用法上几乎一样，只是打印的目的地不同而已，前者打印到字符串中，后者则直接在命令行上输出。这也导致sprintf 比printf 有用得多。

sprintf 是个变参函数，定义如下：

int sprintf( char *buffer, const char *format [, argument] ... );

除了前两个参数类型固定外，后面可以接任意多个参数。而它的精华显然就在第二个参数：

格式化字符串上。

sprintf 最常见的应用之一莫过于把整数打印到字符串中，所以 spritnf 在大多数场合可以替代 itoa

以下是Windows/Linux系统中常用的C/C++各种数据类型转换汇总：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
// 1--> int to char[]
int tmp1 = 100;
char ch1[15];
sprintf(ch1, "%d", tmp1);
std::cout<<ch1<<std::endl;

// 2--> int to string
int tmp2 = 111;
char ch2[15];
sprintf(ch2, "%d", tmp2);
std::string str2;
str2 = std::string(ch2);
std::cout<<str2<<std::endl;

// 3--> int to enum
enum enum3 {
A,
B
};
int tmp3 = 222;
enum3 val3 = static_cast<enum3>(tmp3);
std::cout<<val3<<std::endl;

// 4--> char[] to string
char arr4[] = "this is a sample";
std::string str4;
str4 = std::string(arr4);
std::cout<<str4<<std::endl;

// 5--> char to int
char ch5 = '8';
int val5 = ch5 - '0';// val5 is bounded by 0 to 9
std::cout<<val5<<std::endl;

// 6--> char[] to int
char arr6[] = "12345";
int tmp6;
sscanf(arr6, "%d", &tmp6);
std::cout<<tmp6<<std::endl;

// 7--> char* to int
char* pch7 = "444";
int tmp7;
tmp7 = atoi(pch7);
std::cout<<tmp7<<std::endl;

// 8--> char* to float
char* pch8 = "55.5";
float tmp8;
tmp8 = (float)atof(pch8);
std::cout<<tmp8<<std::endl;

// 9--> char* to double
char* pch9 = "66.666";
double tmp9;
tmp9 = atof(pch9);
std::cout<<tmp9<<std::endl;

// 10--> float to char[]
float tmp10 = 11.11;
char ch10[20];
sprintf(ch10, "%f", tmp10);
std::cout<<ch10<<std::endl;

// 11-> int to char*
int tmp11 = 777;
char* pch11;
char ch11[20];
sprintf(ch11, "%d", tmp11);
pch11 = ch11;
std::cout<<pch11<<std::endl;

// 12--> double to char[]
double tmp12 = 8.888;
char arr12[20];
sprintf(arr12, "%f", tmp12);
std::cout<<arr12<<std::endl;

// 13--> char* to string
char* pch13 = "hello, world";
std::string str13;
str13 = std::string(pch13);
std::cout<<str13<<std::endl;

// 14--> string to char[]
std::string str14 = "dog, cat";
char arr14[255];
strncpy(arr14, str14.c_str(), sizeof(arr14));
arr14[sizeof(arr14) - 1] = 0;
std::cout<<arr14<<std::endl;

// 15--> string to const char*
std::string str15 = "ha ha";
const char* pch15;
pch15 = str15.c_str();
std::cout<<pch15<<std::endl;

// 16--> float to int
float ftmp16 = 99.99;
int tmp16;
tmp16 = static_cast<int>(ftmp16);// static_cast<int>(ftmp16 + 0.5)
std::cout<<tmp16<<std::endl;

return 0;
}

1. atoi

int atoi ( const char * str );

Convert string to integer

Parses the C string str interpreting its content as an integral number, which is returned as an int value.

/* atoi example */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main ()

  int i;

  char szInput [256];

  printf ("Enter a number: "); fgets ( szInput, 256, stdin ); i = atoi (szInput); printf ("The value entered is %d. The double is %d.\n",i,i*2); return 0; }

output

Enter a number: 73

The value entered is 73. The double is 146.

2. atol

long int atol ( const char * str );

Convert string to long integer

Parses the C string str interpreting its content as an integral number, which is returned as a long int value.

/* atol example */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main ()

  long int li;

  char szInput [256];

  printf ("Enter a long number: "); gets ( szInput ); li = atol (szInput); printf ("The value entered is %d. The double is %d.\n",li,li*2); return 0; }

output

Enter a number: 567283

The value entered is 567283. The double is 1134566.

3. atof

double atof ( const char * str );

Convert string to double

Parses the C string str interpreting its content as a floating point number and returns its value as a double.

/* atof example: sine calculator */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <math.h>

int main ()

  double n,m;

  double pi=3.1415926535;

  char szInput [256];

  printf ( "Enter degrees: " ); gets ( szInput ); n = atof ( szInput ); m = sin (n*pi/180); printf ( "The sine of %f degrees is %f\n" , n, m ); return 0; } OutputEnter degrees: 45

The sine of 45.000000 degrees is 0.707101

4. itoa

char *  itoa ( int value, char * str, int base );

Convert integer to string (non-standard function)

Converts an integer value to a null-terminated string using the specified base and stores the result in the array given by str parameter.

This function is not defined in ANSI-C and is not part of C++, but is supported by some compilers.

A standard-compliant alternative for some cases may be sprintf:

sprintf(str,"%d",value) converts to decimal base.
sprintf(str,"%x",value) converts to hexadecimal base.
sprintf(str,"%o",value) converts to octal base

/* itoa example */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main ()

  int i;

  char buffer [33];

  printf ("Enter a number: "); scanf ("%d",&i); itoa (i,buffer,10); printf ("decimal: %s\n",buffer); itoa (i,buffer,16); printf ("hexadecimal: %s\n",buffer); itoa (i,buffer,2); printf ("binary: %s\n",buffer); return 0; }

Output