文章目录
保持热爱、奔赴山河
8、RESTful案例
8.1、准备工作
和传统 CRUD 一样,实现对员工信息的增删改查。
搭建环境
1 实体类
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
//1 male, 0 female
private Integer gender;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender) {
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Integer gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"id=" + id +
", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", gender=" + gender +
'}';
}
}
2 dao模拟数据
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;
static {
employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1));
}
private static Integer initId = 1006;
public void save(Employee employee) {
if (employee.getId() == null) {
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
}
public Collection<Employee> getAll() {
return employees.values();
}
public Employee get(Integer id) {
return employees.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id) {
employees.remove(id);
}
}
8.2、功能清单
功能 | URL地址 | 请求方式 |
---|---|---|
访问首页√ | / | GET |
查询全部数据√ | /employee | GET |
删除√ | /employee/2 | DELETE |
跳转到添加数据页面√ | /toAdd | GET |
执行保存√ | /employee | POST |
跳转到更新数据页面√ | /employee/2 | GET |
执行更新√ | /employee | PUT |
8.3、具体功能:访问首页
1 配置view-controller
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
2 index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" >
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">访问员工信息</a>
</body>
</html>
8.4、具体功能:查询所有员工数据
1 控制器方法
// 查询所有的员工信息-->/employee-->GET
@GetMapping("/employee")
public String getAllEmployee(Model model){
// 查询所有的员工信息
Collection<Employee> employeeDaoAll = employeeDao.getAll();
// 将所有员工信息放在请求域中共享
model.addAttribute("employeeDaoAll",employeeDaoAll);
// 跳转到列表页面
return "employee_list";
}
2 employee_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Employee Info</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="5">员工信息</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>选项(<a th:href="@{/to/add}">添加</a> )</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="employee:${employeeList}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
<td>
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">删除</a>
<a @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">更新</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
8.5、具体功能:删除
1 创建处理delete请求方式的表单
<!-- 作用:通过超链接控制表单的提交,将post请求转换为delete请求 -->
<form id="delete_form" method="post">
<!-- HiddenHttpMethodFilter要求:必须传输_method请求参数,并且值为最终的请求方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
</form>
2 删除超链接绑定点击事件
引入vue.js
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script>
删除超链接
<a @click="deleteEmployee()" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">删除</a>
通过vue处理点击事件
<script type="text/javascript">
let vue = new Vue({
// 设置挂在容器
el:"#app",
methods:{
// event表示当前事件
deleteEmployee:function () {
//通过id获取表单数据
let delete_form = document.getElementById("delete_form");
//将超链接的href属性赋值给表单的action属性
// event.target(当前触发事件的标签)
delete_form.action = event.target.href;
//提交表单
delete_form.submit();
//阻止超链接的默认跳转行为
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
</script>
3 控制器方法
// 删除员工信息-->/employee/1---DELETE
@DeleteMapping("/employee/{id}")
public String deleteEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
employeeDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
8.6、具体功能:跳转到添加数据页面
1 配置view-controller
方式一:控制器方法
// 跳转到添加页面-->/to/add-->GET
@GetMapping("/to/add")
public String toPageAdd() {
return "employee_add";
}
方式二:标签
<mvc:view-controller path="/to/add" view-name="employee_add"></mvc:view-controller>
2 employee_add.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加员工</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">添加员工信息</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="lastName"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>邮箱</td>
<td><input type="text" name="email"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>性别</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2">女
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="添加">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
8.7、具体功能:执行保存
1 控制器方法
// 新增员工信息-->/employee-->POST
@PostMapping("/employee")
public String addEmployee(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
8.8、具体功能:跳转到更新数据页面
1 修改超链接
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">修改</a>
2 控制器方法
// 跳转到修改页面-->/employee/1-->GET
@GetMapping("/employee/{id}")
public String employeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Model model) {
Employee employee = employeeDao.get(id);
model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
return "employee_update";
}
3 employee_update.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>修改员工信息</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${employee.id}">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">修改员工信息</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="lastName" th:value="${employee.lastName}">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>邮箱</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="email" th:value="${employee.email}">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>性别</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:field="${employee.gender}">男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:field="${employee.gender}">女
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="保存">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
8.9、具体功能:执行更新
1 控制器方法
// 修改员工信息-->/employee-->PUT
@PutMapping("/employee")
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
8.10、静态资源处理
1 SpringMVC默认处理
DispatcherServlet 用于处理浏览器向服务器发送的请求,因为处理请求路径url-pattern为/(jsp请求除外)。
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
2 问题
当前访问静态资源请求也会被 DispatcherServlet 处理,但是 DispatcherServlet 不具备处理静态请求的能力。
在Tomcat中,配置文件xml内,有默认处理静态资源的配置 DefaultServlet ,处理请求路径为/ 。
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
当前工程 web.xml 和 Tomcat 的 web.xml 关系为继承,如果有相同配置以当前工程为主。
此时,浏览器发送的请求会优先被DispatcherServlet进行处理,但是DsipatcherServlet无法处理静态资源配置。
3 解决方法
使用SpringMVC的标签
<!--配置默认的Servlet处理静态资源,但是无法使用DispatcherServlet-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--DsipatcherServlet优先处理,无法处理在交给DefaultServlet处理-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>