理解网络分析的属性

网络属性是描述网络元素的，而网络元素是控制网络历遍性。如属性包括一定长度道路的通过时间，

网络属性有5个部分， name, usage type, units, data type, and use by default，

使用类型： cost, descriptor, restriction, or hierarchy. 4个部分。

Units of a cost attribute 可以是毫米，米，英里，分钟等。Descriptors, hierarchies, and restrictions have unknown units.

Data types can be either Boolean, integer, float, or double. 数据类型是单位的具体表达。

Use by default setting will automatically set those attributes on a newly created network analysis layer。

Descriptor attributes cannot be used by default.

To create network attributes,

 first define the name of the attribute, its usage, units, and data type.

 Next, assign evaluators for each source that will provide the values for the network attribute when the network dataset is built. This is done by selecting the attribute and clicking Evaluators 。

 

Certain attributes are used to measure and model impedances, such as travel time (transit time on a street) or demand (the volume of garbage picked up on a street).

cost：

 These attributes are apportionable along an edge; that is, they are divided proportionately along the length of an edge. For example, if travel time is modeled as a cost attribute, then traversing half an edge will take half the time as traversing the whole edge. This means that if the travel time to traverse the edge is 3 minutes, it takes 1.5 minutes to traverse half the edge. If you are looking for a 1.5-minute route along this edge, the route feature will be created from the first half of the edge feature.

 

Network analysis often involves the minimization of a cost (also known as impedance) during the calculation of a path (also known as finding the best route). Common examples include finding the fastest route (minimizing travel time) or the shortest route (minimizing distance). Travel time (drive time, pedestrian time) and distance (meters) are also cost attributes of the network dataset.

负属性值作为拒绝通过确认。

Descriptors：

 

Descriptors are attributes that describe characteristics of the network or its elements. Unlike costs, descriptors are not apportioned. This means that the value does not depend on the length of the edge element. For example, the number of lanes is an example of a descriptor on a street network. Speed limit of streets is another descriptor attribute for a street network. Although it is not a cost attribute and cannot be used as an impedance, it can be used in conjunction with distance to create a cost attribute (for example, drive time) that can be used as an impedance.

Restrictions：

Restrictions can be identified for particular elements, such that during an analysis, restricted elements cannot be traversed. For example, one-way streets can be modeled with a restriction attribute, so they can only be traversed from one end to another and not in the reverse direction. In all cases, a restriction attribute is defined using a Boolean data type.

 

 

In another example, certain sources where pedestrians are not allowed could be restricted using the attribute No_Pedestrians. In this case, the restriction can be used as a parameter during best route analysis to ensure the pedestrian does not use streets that are restricted.

Hierarchy：

Hierarchy is the order or grade assigned to network elements. A street network might have a road class hierarchy for separating interstates from local roads. In finding a shortest path from one point to another, the user preference to take or avoid interstates can be modeled through a hierarchy.

 

 

In ArcGIS Network Analyst, different classes of hierarchy can be grouped into three ranges: primary roads, secondary roads, and local roads. If your network has more than three classes of hierarchy, you can reclassify them into the supported ranges when you create your network dataset.

 

 

When you use a network that supports hierarchy for analysis, you can choose to create a route that uses hierarchy or you can create an exact route not using hierarchy. You can modify the hierarchy ranges at that point as well.