1. 先来看个例子,看一下Promise有什么特性:
根据上面例子,我们发现Promise有以下特点:
Promise的四个特点:
- 执行了resolve,Promise状态会变成fulfilled;
- 执行了reject,Promise状态会变成rejected;
- Promise状态不可逆,第一次成功就永久为fulfilled,第一次失败就永远状态为rejected;
- Promise中有throw的话,就相当于执行了reject;
2. 实现resolve和reject
-
Promise的初始状态是pending;
-
需要对resolve和reject绑定this:确保resolve和reject的this指向永远指向当前的MyPromise实例,防止随着函数执行环境的改变而改变;
-
Promise中有throw的话,就相当于执行了reject。这就要使用try catch了
Promise有三种状态:
- pending:等待中,是初始状态;
- fulfilled:成功状态;
- rejected:失败状态;
一旦状态从pending变为fulfilled或者rejected,那么此Promise实例的状态就不可以改变了。
class MyPromise {
// 构造方法
constructor(executor) {
// 初始化值
this.initValue()
// 初始化this指向
this.initBind()
try {
// 执行传进来的函数
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
} catch (e) {
// 捕捉到错误直接执行reject
this.reject(e)
}
}
initBind() {
// 初始化this
this.resolve = this.resolve.bind(this)
this.reject = this.reject.bind(this)
}
initValue() {
// 初始化值
this.PromiseResult = null // 终值
this.PromiseState = 'pending' // 状态
}
resolve(value) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行resolve,状态变为fulfilled
this.PromiseState = 'fulfilled'
// 终值为传进来的值
this.PromiseResult = value
}
reject(reason) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行reject,状态变为rejected
this.PromiseState = 'rejected'
// 终值为传进来的reason
this.PromiseResult = reason
}
}
测试如下:
const test1 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success')
})
console.log(test1) // MyPromise { PromiseState: 'fulfilled', PromiseResult: 'success' }
const test2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
reject('fail')
})
console.log(test2) // MyPromise { PromiseState: 'rejected', PromiseResult: 'fail' }
3. then的使用
// 马上输出 ”success“
const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success')
}).then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
// 1秒后输出 ”fail“
const p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
reject('fail')
}, 1000)
}).then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
// 链式调用 输出 200
const p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(100)
}).then(res => 2 * res, err => console.log(err))
.then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
根据上述代码可以确定:
- then接收两个回调,一个是成功回调,一个是失败回调;
- 当Promise状态为fulfilled执行成功回调,为rejected执行失败回调;
- 如resolve或reject在定时器里,则定时器结束后再执行then;
- then支持链式调用,下一次then执行受上一次then返回值的影响;
4. then的实现
class MyPromise {
// 构造方法
constructor(executor) {
// 初始化值
this.initValue()
// 初始化this指向
this.initBind()
try {
// 执行传进来的函数
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
} catch (e) {
// 捕捉到错误直接执行reject
this.reject(e)
}
}
initBind() {
// 初始化this
this.resolve = this.resolve.bind(this)
this.reject = this.reject.bind(this)
}
initValue() {
// 初始化值
this.PromiseResult = null // 终值
this.PromiseState = 'pending' // 状态
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = []
this.onRejectedCallbacks = []
}
resolve(value) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行resolve,状态变为fulfilled
this.PromiseState = 'fulfilled'
// 终值为传进来的值
this.PromiseResult = value
while (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length){
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
reject(reason) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行reject,状态变为rejected
this.PromiseState = 'rejected'
// 终值为传进来的reason
this.PromiseResult = reason
while (this.onRejectedCallbacks.length){
this.onRejectedCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected){
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled == "function" ? onFulfilled : val => val;
onRejected = typeof onRejected == "function" ? onRejected : reason => { throw reason };
if(this.PromiseState == 'fulfilled'){
onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
}else if(this.PromiseState == 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
}else if(this.PromiseState == 'pending'){
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(onFulfilled)
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(onRejected)
}
}
}
5. 链式调用
then支持链式调用,下一次then执行受上一次then返回值的影响,给大家举个例子:
// 链式调用 输出 200
const p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(100)
}).then(res => 2 * res, err => console.log(err))
.then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
// 链式调用 输出300
const p4 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(100)
}).then(res => new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve(3 * res)), err => console.log(err))
.then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
根据上文,可以得到:
- then方法本身会返回一个新的Promise对象;
- 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为成功,新promise就是成功;
- 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为失败,新promise就是失败;
- 如果返回值非promise对象,新promise对象就是成功,值为此返回值;
class MyPromise {
// 构造方法
constructor(executor) {
// 初始化值
this.initValue()
// 初始化this指向
this.initBind()
try {
// 执行传进来的函数
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
} catch (e) {
// 捕捉到错误直接执行reject
this.reject(e)
}
}
initBind() {
// 初始化this
this.resolve = this.resolve.bind(this)
this.reject = this.reject.bind(this)
}
initValue() {
// 初始化值
this.PromiseResult = null // 终值
this.PromiseState = 'pending' // 状态
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [] // 保存成功回调
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [] // 保存失败回调
}
resolve(value) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行resolve,状态变为fulfilled
this.PromiseState = 'fulfilled'
// 终值为传进来的值
this.PromiseResult = value
// 执行保存的成功回调
while (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
reject(reason) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行reject,状态变为rejected
this.PromiseState = 'rejected'
// 终值为传进来的reason
this.PromiseResult = reason
// 执行保存的失败回调
while (this.onRejectedCallbacks.length) {
this.onRejectedCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 接收两个回调 onFulfilled, onRejected
// 参数校验,确保一定是函数
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : val => val
onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : reason => { throw reason }
var resolvePromise;
var thenPromise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolvePromise = cb => {
try {
const x = cb(this.PromiseResult)
if (x === thenPromise) {
// 不能返回自身哦
throw new Error('不能返回自身。。。')
}
if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
// 如果返回值是Promise
// 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为成功,新promise就是成功
// 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为失败,新promise就是失败
// 谁知道返回的promise是失败成功?只有then知道
x.then(resolve, reject)
} else {
// 非Promise就直接成功
resolve(x)
}
} catch (err) {
// 处理报错
reject(err)
throw new Error(err)
}
}
if (this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled') {
// 如果当前为成功状态,执行第一个回调
resolvePromise(onFulfilled)
} else if (this.PromiseState === 'rejected') {
// 如果当前为失败状态,执行第二个回调
resolvePromise(onRejected)
} else if (this.PromiseState === 'pending') {
// 如果状态为待定状态,暂时保存两个回调
// 如果状态为待定状态,暂时保存两个回调
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(resolvePromise.bind(this, onFulfilled))
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(resolvePromise.bind(this, onRejected))
}
})
// 返回这个包装的Promise
return thenPromise
}
}
6. 执行顺序
then方法是微任务,这里为了实现类似的功能,使用setTimeout代替(setTimeout为宏任务,此处主要跟在全局上的console对比)
至此,完整的代码为:
class MyPromise {
// 构造方法
constructor(executor) {
// 初始化值
this.initValue()
// 初始化this指向
this.initBind()
try {
// 执行传进来的函数
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
} catch (e) {
// 捕捉到错误直接执行reject
this.reject(e)
}
}
initBind() {
// 初始化this
this.resolve = this.resolve.bind(this)
this.reject = this.reject.bind(this)
}
initValue() {
// 初始化值
this.PromiseResult = null // 终值
this.PromiseState = 'pending' // 状态
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [] // 保存成功回调
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [] // 保存失败回调
}
resolve(value) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行resolve,状态变为fulfilled
this.PromiseState = 'fulfilled'
// 终值为传进来的值
this.PromiseResult = value
// 执行保存的成功回调
while (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
reject(reason) {
// state是不可变的
if (this.PromiseState !== 'pending') return
// 如果执行reject,状态变为rejected
this.PromiseState = 'rejected'
// 终值为传进来的reason
this.PromiseResult = reason
// 执行保存的失败回调
while (this.onRejectedCallbacks.length) {
this.onRejectedCallbacks.shift()(this.PromiseResult)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 接收两个回调 onFulfilled, onRejected
// 参数校验,确保一定是函数
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : val => val
onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : reason => { throw reason }
var resolvePromise
var thenPromise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolvePromise = cb => {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const x = cb(this.PromiseResult)
if (x === thenPromise) {
// 不能返回自身哦
throw new Error('不能返回自身。。。')
}
if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
// 如果返回值是Promise
// 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为成功,新promise就是成功
// 如果返回值是promise对象,返回值为失败,新promise就是失败
// 谁知道返回的promise是失败成功?只有then知道
x.then(resolve, reject)
} else {
// 非Promise就直接成功
resolve(x)
}
} catch (err) {
// 处理报错
reject(err)
throw new Error(err)
}
})
}
if (this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled') {
// 如果当前为成功状态,执行第一个回调
resolvePromise(onFulfilled)
} else if (this.PromiseState === 'rejected') {
// 如果当前为失败状态,执行第二个回调
resolvePromise(onRejected)
} else if (this.PromiseState === 'pending') {
// 如果状态为待定状态,暂时保存两个回调
// 如果状态为待定状态,暂时保存两个回调
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(resolvePromise.bind(this, onFulfilled))
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(resolvePromise.bind(this, onRejected))
}
})
// 返回这个包装的Promise
return thenPromise
}
}
测试一下:
const test4 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(1)
}).then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err))
console.log(2) // 2 1
7. 其他方法
7.1 all
- 接收一个Promise数组,数组中如有非Promise项,则此项当做成功;
- 如果所有Promise都成功,则返回成功结果数组;
- 如果有一个Promise失败,则返回这个失败结果;
7.2 race
- 接收一个Promise数组,数组中如有非Promise项,则此项当做成功;
- 哪个Promise最快得到结果,就返回那个结果,无论成功失败;
7.3 allSettled
- 接收一个Promise数组,数组中如有非Promise项,则此项当做成功;
- 把每一个Promise的结果,集合成数组后返回;
7.4 any
与all相反
- 接收一个Promise数组,数组中如有非Promise项,则此项当做成功;
- 如果有一个Promise成功,则返回这个成功结果;
- 如果所有Promise都失败,则报错;