Reference Variables

1. Reference provide a convenient alternative to pointers for processing large structures with a function, and they are essential for designing classes.
2. You might recall that C and C++ use the & symbol to indicate the address of a variable. C++ assigns an additional meaning to the & symbol and presses it into service for declaring reference variables.
3. The typical use for a reference variable is as a function parameter, particularly for structure and object arguments.
4.  * 和 &的使用方法类似，类型修饰符的优先级高于变量名。

• int * a = NULL;            //此时*与int结合，表明a是一个指针变量；
• int & b = a;                  //此时&与int结合，表明b是a的引用变量；
• int c = 0; a = &c;         //此时&与c结合，是取地址符；
• int d = *a;                    //此时*与a结合，是取值运算符。