python 之 Qt Designer 高铁火车票查询工具_python使用qt6画火车票查询助手-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhaochongsi/article/details/113848369

一、制作UI界面

创建一个widget，从Widget Box工具箱中拖拽3个label、3个line Edit、1个Push Button、1个tableWidget。修改控件名后效果如下图，保存并命名为get_stationtrain.ui
在这里插入图片描述
Qt Designer工具的使用方法：python 之 Qt Designer工具的使用方法

get_stationtrain.ui的程序代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>widget</class>
 <widget class="QWidget" name="widget">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>1066</width>
    <height>809</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>Form</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QLabel" name="date_label">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>20</x>
     <y>10</y>
     <width>54</width>
     <height>12</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <property name="text">
    <string>查询日期</string>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QLabel" name="from_label">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>220</x>
     <y>10</y>
     <width>54</width>
     <height>12</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <property name="text">
    <string>出发地</string>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QLabel" name="to_label">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>420</x>
     <y>10</y>
     <width>54</width>
     <height>12</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <property name="text">
    <string>目的地</string>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>967</x>
     <y>6</y>
     <width>75</width>
     <height>23</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <property name="text">
    <string>查询</string>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QLineEdit" name="date_edit">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>90</x>
     <y>6</y>
     <width>113</width>
     <height>20</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QLineEdit" name="from_edit">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>290</x>
     <y>6</y>
     <width>113</width>
     <height>20</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QLineEdit" name="to_edit">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>490</x>
     <y>6</y>
     <width>113</width>
     <height>20</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QTableWidget" name="tableWidget">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>20</x>
     <y>40</y>
     <width>1021</width>
     <height>741</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <property name="sortingEnabled">
    <bool>false</bool>
   </property>
  </widget>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

二、将.ui文件转换为.py文件

使用命令行转换成.py文件。调用格式为pyuic5 -o {输出文件名} {输入designer设计好的.ui后缀界面文件}。

pyuic5 -o get_stationtrain.py get_stationtrain.ui

转换后的get_stationtrain.py文件内容如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'get_stationtrain.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_widget(object):
    def setupUi(self, widget):
        widget.setObjectName("widget")
        widget.resize(1066, 809)
        self.date_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(widget)
        self.date_label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 10, 54, 12))
        self.date_label.setObjectName("date_label")
        self.from_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(widget)
        self.from_label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 10, 54, 12))
        self.from_label.setObjectName("from_label")
        self.to_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(widget)
        self.to_label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(420, 10, 54, 12))
        self.to_label.setObjectName("to_label")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(widget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(967, 6, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.date_edit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(widget)
        self.date_edit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 6, 113, 20))
        self.date_edit.setObjectName("date_edit")
        self.from_edit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(widget)
        self.from_edit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(290, 6, 113, 20))
        self.from_edit.setObjectName("from_edit")
        self.to_edit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(widget)
        self.to_edit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(490, 6, 113, 20))
        self.to_edit.setObjectName("to_edit")
        self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(widget)
        self.tableWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 40, 1021, 741))
        self.tableWidget.setObjectName("tableWidget")
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(0)
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(0)

        self.retranslateUi(widget)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(widget)

    def retranslateUi(self, widget):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        widget.setWindowTitle(_translate("widget", "高铁火车票查询"))
        self.date_label.setText(_translate("widget", "查询日期"))
        self.from_label.setText(_translate("widget", "出发地"))
        self.to_label.setText(_translate("widget", "目的地"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("widget", "查询"))
        self.tableWidget.setSortingEnabled(False)

三、界面与业务逻辑分离实现
新建call_get_stationtrain.py文件程序，调用get_stationtrain.py文件。

import sys
import requests
import json
import re
# PyQt5中使用的基本控件都在PyQt5.QtWidgets模块中
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
# 导入designer工具生成的login模块
from test12306.get_stationtrain import Ui_widget

url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.8971"
response = requests.get(url, verify=False)
# 将车站的名字和编码进行提取
station = re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)', response.text)
station_code = dict(station)
station_names = dict(zip(station_code.values(), station_code.keys()))
# print(station_names)
# # print(station_code)

class MyMainForm(QMainWindow, Ui_widget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyMainForm, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        # 添加登录按钮信号和槽。注意display函数不加小括号()
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.display)
        # 添加退出按钮信号和槽。调用close函数
        # # self.cancel_pushButton.clicked.connect(self.close)

    def display(self):
        # 利用line Edit控件对象text()函数获取界面输入
        date = self.date_edit.text()
        from_station = station_code[self.from_edit.text()]
        to_station = station_code[self.to_edit.text()]

        # date = '2021-02-20'
        # from_station = station_code['北京']
        # to_station = station_code['上海']

        urls = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?"
        cookie = '''Cookie: _uab_collina=161180740889551547386455; JSESSIONID=7643AF61D00634AFE9BE64B67EBBF7FC; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1612068432945; RAIL_DEVICEID=Ufn-bQhIG3NO2xfdqot7NW-ram9ItCaiwkCCjogFMH2cTkwFuyZUiIcGWxwTlaGxNVhxMIu_oQwyguKd0SRduBIP7Yan_tu6LPhTte-wtvySRHwW9XM7GPEt29lmjy-jOx6YaZ5ufxC9ZCkiukRnSzB3B03TJRtc; BIGipServerotn=4057399562.50210.0000; BIGipServerpassport=820510986.50215.0000; route=495c805987d0f5c8c84b14f60212447d;'''
        headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64) AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/88.0.4324.104Safari/537.36",
            'Cookie': cookie
        }
        urls = urls + "leftTicketDTO.train_date=" + date + "&leftTicketDTO.from_station=" + from_station + "&leftTicketDTO.to_station=" + to_station + "&purpose_codes=ADULT"
        # request请求获取主页
        r = requests.get(urls, headers=headers, verify=False)
        r.content.decode("utf-8")
        r.raise_for_status()  # 如果发送了一个错误的请求，会抛出异常
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        html = json.loads(r.text)
        entries = html['data']['result']
        datas = []
        for i in entries:
            item = i.split('|')  # 使用“|”进行分割
            # 获取有票的高铁车次信息 # 获取车次信息，在3号位置 # 始发站信息在6号位置 # 终点站信息在7号位置 # 出发时间在8号位置
            # 抵达时间在9号位置 # 经历时间在10号位置 # 特别注意，商务座在32或25位置 # 一等座信息在31号位置 # 二等座信息在30号位
            if (item[30] != "" and item[30] != "无") or (item[31] != "" and item[31] != "无") or (item[32] != "" and item[32] != "无") or (item[25] != "" and item[25] != "无"):
                ii = [item[3], station_names[item[6]], station_names[item[7]], item[8], item[9], item[10],
                      item[32] or item[25],
                      item[31], item[30]]
                datas.append(ii)

        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(len(datas))#设置列表行数
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(len(datas[0]))#设置列表列数
        self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderLabels(['1', '2', '3'])#设置列表行数表头
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['车次', '出发车站', '达到车站', '出发时间', '到达时间', '历时', '商务座', '一等座', '二等座'])#设置列表列数表头
        self.tableWidget.setStyleSheet("QHeaderView::section{background:skyblue;}")#表头加点颜色
        for i, row in enumerate(datas):#列表数据
            for j, col in enumerate(row):
                item = QTableWidgetItem(col)
                self.tableWidget.setItem(i, j, item)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 固定的，PyQt5程序都需要QApplication对象。sys.argv是命令行参数列表，确保程序可以双击运行
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # 初始化
    myWin = MyMainForm()
    # 将窗口控件显示在屏幕上
    myWin.show()
    # 程序运行，sys.exit方法确保程序完整退出。
    sys.exit(app.exec_())