一 . SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ(此例考察默认的Direct模式)
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ非常简单!感觉SpringBoot真的极大简化了开发的搭建环境的时间..这样我们程序员就可以把更多的时间用在业务上了,下面开始搭建环境:
1. 首先创建两个maven工程,这是为了模拟分布式应用系统中,两个应用之间互相交流的过程,一个发送者(Sender),一个接收者(Receiver)
2. 紧接着,配置pom.xml文件,注意其中用到了springboot对于AMQP(高级消息队列协议,即面向消息的中间件的设计);
01. 父类pom.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>rabbitmq_test</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq0408</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version> <!--//jdk版本号-->
<spring-cloud.version>Edgware.SR1</spring-cloud.version> <!--//spring cloud的版本号-->
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <!-- //统一整个项目中的spring-cloud的版本号 -->
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
(转)<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <java.version>1.7</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> <scope>true</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
02. send的pom.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zdj.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-sender</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springboot-rabbitmq-sender</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>rabbitmq_test</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq0408</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<build>
<finalName>springboot-rabbitmq-sender</finalName>
</build>
</project>
3. 紧接着,我们编写发送者相关的代码.首先毫无疑问,要书写启动类:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class SpringbootRabbitmqSenderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRabbitmqSenderApplication.class, args); } }
4. 接着在application.yaml中,去编辑和RabbitMQ相关的配置信息,配置信息的代表什么内容根据键就能很直观的看出了.这里端口是5672,不是15672...15672是管理端的端口!
spring: application: name: spring-boot-rabbitmq-sender rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 username: guest password: guest
5.随后,配置Queue(消息队列).那注意由于采用的是Direct模式,需要在配置Queue的时候,指定一个键,使其和交换机绑定.
package com.zdj.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * 配置Queue(消息队列) * 由于采用的是direct模式,需要在配置Queue的时候,指定一个键,使其和交换机绑定 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/8. */ @Configuration public class SenderConf { @Bean public Queue queue(){ return new Queue("queue"); } }
6.接着就可以发送消息啦!在SpringBoot中,我们使用AmqpTemplate去发送消息!代码如下:
package com.zdj.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * 在springboot中,我们使用的是AmqpTemplate发送消息 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/8. */ @Component public class HelloSender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate template; public void send(){ template.convertAndSend("queue","hello,rabbitmq!!~~"); } }
7. 编写测试类!这样我们的发送端代码就编写完了~
package com.zdj.rabbitmq; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes =SpringbootRabbitmqSenderApplication.class) public class SpringbootRabbitmqSenderApplicationTests { @Autowired private HelloSender helloSender; @Test public void contextLoads() { helloSender.send(); } }
8. 接着我们编写接收端.
接收端的pom文件,application.yaml(修改spring.application.name),Queue配置类,App启动类都是一致的!这里省略不计.(发现默认的8080端口被占用,于是重新设置端口;)
spring:
application:
name: spring-boot-rabbitmq-receiver
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
server:
port: 8888
主要在于我们需要配置监听器去监听绑定到的消息队列,当消息队列有消息的时候,予以接收,代码如下:
package com.zdj.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/8. */ @Component public class HelloReceive { @RabbitListener(queues = "queue")//监听器监听指定的Queue public void process(String str){ System.out.println("Receive : "+str ); } }
9 . 接下来就可以测试啦,首先启动接收端的应用(SpringbootRabbitmqReceiverApplication),紧接着运行发送端的单元测试SpringbootRabbitmqSenderApplicationTests),接收端应用打印出来接收到的消息,测试即成功!
需要注意的地方,Direct模式相当于一对一模式,一个消息被发送者发送后,会被转发到一个绑定的消息队列中,然后被一个接收者接收!
补充: rabbitmq还可以支持发送对象,由于涉及到序列化和反序列化,该对象必须要实现Serializable接口;
a . 在springboot-rabbitmq-receiver 和 springboot-rabbitmq-sender 两个包下面都加上User对象;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 考察rabbitmq 发送对象的情形,建接收该对象的实体类
*/
public class User implements Serializable{
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
b . 修改HelloSender:
@Component
public class HelloSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate template;
public void send(){
// 01 .发送字符串
// template.convertAndSend("queue","hello,rabbitmq!!~~");
// 02. 发送对象
User user=new User();
user.setUsername("zdj");
user.setPassword("123123");
template.convertAndSend("queue",user);
}
}
c . 修改HelloReceiver:
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2018/4/8.
*/
@Component
public class HelloReceive {
// 01 . rabbitmq发送的字符串
// @RabbitListener(queues = "queue")//监听器监听指定的Queue
// public void process(String str){
// System.out.println("Receive : "+str );
// 测试结果: Receive : hello ,rabbitmq!!~~
// }
// 02. 测试 rabbitmq发送对象--此处接收对象
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue")//监听器监听指定的Queue
public void process(User user){
System.out.println("Receive 对象 : "+user);
// 测试结果: Receive 对象 : com.zdj.rabbitmq.User@60660011
}
}
d . 启动Receiver应用,再启动Sender的测试类,receiver端成功接收user对象则成功