术语
字符集:character set。字符集是多个字符的集合,常见的如ASCII字符集、UTF-8字符集、GBK中文字符集等;
校对规则:collation。同一字符集内字符比较的规则。如ASCII字符集中字符'A'小于字符’a’,因为大写'A'编码为十进制65,小写'a'编码为十进制97;
相关操作(SQL命令)
- 查看所支持的所有字符集
mysql> show character set;
mysql> select * from information_schema.character_sets;
- 查看字符集的校对规则
mysql> show collation;
mysql> select * from information_schema.collations ;
- 创建表时指定字符集
mysql> create table character_test ( mystr varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.61 sec)
- 修改某列的字符集
mysql> alter table character_test modify mystr varchar(20) CHARACTER SET gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- gbk字符集插入中文
mysql> insert into character_test (mystr) value("我是中文");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> select * from character_test;
+--------------+
| mystr |
+--------------+
| 我是中文 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.28 sec)