CentOS7搭建ftp服务器实现匿名上传下载

   CentOS7内搭建ftp服务器使用系统自带vsftpd服务。首先查看是否安装了vsftpd组件：

      vsftpd服务已经安装，其相关配置文件位于/etc/vsftpd目录下，其主要配置文件是vsftpd.conf。vsftpd.conf文件默认支持匿名登陆，默认登陆文件夹为/var/ftp/pub。修改vsftpd.conf可更改登陆方式。将vsftpd.conf修改为如下标红内容：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
#增加下列内容
anon_other_write_enable=YES
anon_world_readable_only=NO
anon_root=/home/vsftpd

      下面创建匿名登陆路径/home/vsftpd，该路径要求普通用户必须可以访问，即路径的每层都具有x权限，且vsftpd目录的权限为755，如不设置为755可能导致莫名奇妙的错误。如：/home目录具有x权限，vsftpd目录具有x权限；如果登陆路径为/root/vsftpd将出现问题，因为普通用户无法访问/root目录，也就无法访问vsftpd目录。匿名登陆将使用普通用户权限访问/home/vsftpd。

       仅完成上述步骤还不够，CentOS7的安全机制是一个比较烦人的问题。有两处必须设置：防火墙和SELinux。

（1）.防火墙添加ftp例外：

firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

（2）.放宽SELinux的控制权限，即更改SELinux为Permissive模式：

    此外，还需查看SELinux对ftp的控制权限，使用getsebool -a | grep -i ftp查看。on表示允许，off表示不允许。此时可发现匿名上传和修改被拒绝。使用setsebool -P ftpd_anon_write=1 开启匿名上传。修改后的权限如下：

完成上述修改后，便可启动vsftpd服务了:  systemctl start vsftpd。如果需要开机自启动，使用命令systemctl enable vsftpd。

下面是ftp服务器的上传功能测试。在/home/vsftpd目录下随便放置一些文件：

在windows资源管理器中输入ftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx，发现可以登陆ftp。

可以从中下载rr.txt文件。vsftpd只能上传文件到登陆路径的子文件夹内，例如：在/home/vsftpd内创建子文件夹up。修改up的权限为777。

在windows内访问up目录，可将文件上传到该目录内，并修改名称和内容。而父目录vsftpd无法匿名上传文件。

父目录无法上传：