java多线程：CompletionService的使用

1.CompletionService是什么？

  答 ：CompletionService的功能是以异步的方式，一边产生新任务，一边处理已完成的任务的结果，这样可以将执行任务与处理任务分开来处理。使用submit来执行任务，使用take来取得已完成的任务，并按照完成这些任务的时间顺序处理完成的任务。该接口其实与future的功能相似，但是与future的最大不同在于future必须要等待所有的任务处理完了才返回结果，而completionService能一边处理一边返回（先处理完的先返回）。

2.实例

package com.springboot.thread.completionService;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class TestCompletionService {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCallable myCallable1 = new MyCallable("userName1",1000);
        MyCallable myCallable2 = new MyCallable("userName2",2000);
        MyCallable myCallable3 = new MyCallable("userName3",3000);
        MyCallable myCallable4 = new MyCallable("userName4",4000);
        MyCallable myCallable5 = new MyCallable("userName5",5000);
        MyCallable myCallable6 = new MyCallable("userName6",6000);

        List<Callable> callableList = new ArrayList<>();
        callableList.add(myCallable1);
        callableList.add(myCallable2);
        callableList.add(myCallable3);
        callableList.add(myCallable4);
        callableList.add(myCallable5);
        callableList.add(myCallable6);

        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(6,10,5, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingDeque<>());

        CompletionService completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService(executor);

        for (int i=0;i<=5;i++){
            completionService.submit(callableList.get(i));
        }

        for (int i=0;i<=5;i++){
            System.out.println("等待打印第"+(i+1)+"返回值");
            try {
                System.out.println(completionService.take().get());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class MyCallable implements Callable<String>{

    private String userName;

    private long sleepValue;

    public MyCallable(String userName,long sleepValue){
        this.userName = userName;
        this.sleepValue = sleepValue;
    }

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("i am " +userName);
        Thread.sleep(sleepValue);
        return "return "+userName;
    }
}

运行结果：

i am userName2
i am userName1
i am userName3
i am userName4
i am userName5
等待打印第1返回值
i am userName6
return userName1
等待打印第2返回值
return userName2
等待打印第3返回值
return userName3
等待打印第4返回值
return userName4
等待打印第5返回值
return userName5
等待打印第6返回值
return userName6

从结果我们可以看出，返回的顺序性，同时take()方法具有阻塞性（当我们调用take方法的时候会获取已完成的future任务，如果没有已完成的则一直等待）。验证如下：

package com.springboot.thread.completionService;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class TestCompletionService {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCallable myCallable1 = new MyCallable("userName1",1000);
        MyCallable myCallable2 = new MyCallable("userName2",2000);
        MyCallable myCallable3 = new MyCallable("userName3",3000);
        MyCallable myCallable4 = new MyCallable("userName4",4000);
        MyCallable myCallable5 = new MyCallable("userName5",5000);
        MyCallable myCallable6 = new MyCallable("userName6",6000);

        List<Callable> callableList = new ArrayList<>();
        callableList.add(myCallable1);
        callableList.add(myCallable2);
        callableList.add(myCallable3);
        callableList.add(myCallable4);
        callableList.add(myCallable5);
        callableList.add(myCallable6);

        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(6,10,5, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingDeque<>());

        CompletionService completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService(executor);

        for (int i=0;i<=5;i++){
            completionService.submit(callableList.get(i));
        }

        for (int i=0;i<=6;i++){
            System.out.println("等待打印第"+(i+1)+"返回值");
            try {
                System.out.println(completionService.take().get());
                //System.out.println(completionService.poll().get());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class MyCallable implements Callable<String>{

    private String userName;

    private long sleepValue;

    public MyCallable(String userName,long sleepValue){
        this.userName = userName;
        this.sleepValue = sleepValue;
    }

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("i am " +userName);
        Thread.sleep(sleepValue);
        return "return "+userName;
    }
}

运行结果：

处于一直等待的状态。

3.使用poll()方法：获取并移除表示下一个已完成任务的Future，如果不存在这样的任务则返回null，次方法没有阻塞性。

Future<V> poll();

Future<V> poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;（使用这个方法会先尝试去获取并移除已完成的Future如果不存在则会等待相应的时间）

4.CompletionService异常处理（待续）

5.CompletionService的submit

Future<V> submit(Callable<V> task);

Future<V> submit(Runnable task, V result);