java8新特性函数式编程（一）入门篇

Function

/**
 * Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #apply(Object)}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the input to the function
 * @param <R> the type of the result of the function
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
     *           composed function
     * @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function and then applies this function
     * @throws NullPointerException if before is null
     *
     * @see #andThen(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(before);
        return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     *
     * @see #compose(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
     * @return a function that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}

方法调用：

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Function<Integer,Integer> a = i->i+1;  
    Function<Integer,Integer> b =i->i*i;
    
    System.out.println("F1:"+b.apply(a.apply(5))); // 先计算a的运算结果，然后将a的运算结果传给b再运算 --》 a = (5 + 1) --> b = a * a --> 36
    System.out.println("F2:"+a.apply(b.apply(5))); // 先计算b的运算结果，然后将b的运算结果传给a再计算 --》 b = 5 * 5 --> a = b + 1 --> 26
    
    System.out.println(b.compose(a).apply(5)); // compose先执行计算，然后将计算的结果计算b --》 a = (5 + 1) --> b = a * a --> 36
    System.out.println(a.compose(b).apply(5)); // b = 5 * 5 --> a = b + 1 --> 26
    
    System.out.println(b.andThen(a).apply(5)); // 与compose执行顺序相反， b = 5 * 5 --> a = b + 1 --> 26
    System.out.println(a.andThen(b).apply(5)); // a = 5 + 1 --> b = a * a --> 36

}

运行结果：

F1:36
F2:26
36
26
26
36

Process finished with exit code 0