下面是观察者模式的一个例子,源代码来自《设计模式精解-Gof 23种设计模式解析附C++实现源码》。
源代码在每个观察者对象析构时有bug,会导致重复删除subject对象。
//Subject.h
#ifndef SUBJECT_H
#define SUBJECT_H
#include <list>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
typedef string State;
class Observer;
class Subject
{
public:
virtual ~Subject();
virtual void Attach(Observer* obv);// 注册
virtual void Detach(Observer* obv);// 注销
virtual void Notify();
virtual void SetState(const State& st) = 0;
virtual State GetState() = 0;
protected:
Subject();// constructor is protected? Subject是抽象类
private:
list<Observer*> *_obvs;//存放的是指针,又称发布-订阅(publish-subscribe)
};
class ConcreteSubject: public Subject
{
public:
ConcreteSubject();
~ConcreteSubject();
State GetState();
void SetState(const State& st);
protected:
private:
State _st;
};
#endif//~SUBJECT_H
Subject.cpp
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
typedef string state;
Subject::Subject()
{ //在模板的使用之前一定要new,创建
_obvs = new list<Observer*>;
}
Subject::~Subject()
{//使用完后释放列表
delete _obvs;
_obvs = NULL;
}
void Subject::Attach(Observer* obv)
{
_obvs->push_front(obv);
}
void Subject::Detach(Observer* obv)
{
if (obv != NULL)
_obvs->remove(obv);
}
void Subject::Notify()
{
list<Observer*>::iterator it;
for (it = _obvs->begin();it != _obvs->end();it++)
{ //关于模板和iterator的用法
(*it)->Update(this);
}
}
ConcreteSubject::ConcreteSubject()
{
_st = '\0';
}
ConcreteSubject::~ConcreteSubject()
{ }
State ConcreteSubject::GetState()
{
return _st;
}
void ConcreteSubject::SetState(const State& st)
{
_st = st;
}
Observer.h
#ifndef OBSERVER_H
#define OBSERVER_H
#include "Subject.h"
#include <string>
using namespace std;
typedef string State;
class Observer
{
public:
virtual ~Observer();
virtual void Update(Subject* sub) = 0;
virtual void PrintInfo() = 0;
protected:
Observer();
State _st;
private:
};
class ConcreteObserverA:public Observer
{
public:
ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub);
virtual ~ConcreteObserverA();
virtual Subject* GetSubject();
//传入Subject作为参数,这样可以让一个View属于多个的Subject。
void Update(Subject* sub);
void PrintInfo();
protected:
private:
Subject* _sub;
};
class ConcreteObserverB:public Observer
{
public:
ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub);
virtual ~ConcreteObserverB();
virtual Subject* GetSubject();
//传入Subject作为参数,这样可以让一个View属于多个的Subject。
void Update(Subject* sub);
void PrintInfo();
protected:
private:
Subject* _sub;
};
#endif //~OBSERVER_H
Observer.cpp
#include "Observer.h"
#include "Subject.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
Observer::Observer()
{
_st = '\0';//字符串的结尾标志
}
Observer::~Observer()
{
}
ConcreteObserverA::ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub)
{
_sub = sub;
_sub->Attach(this);//注册
}
ConcreteObserverA::~ConcreteObserverA()
{
_sub->Detach(this);//注销
//if (_sub != 0)
// delete _sub;
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverA::GetSubject()
{
return _sub;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::PrintInfo()
{
cout<<"ConcreteObserverA observer.... "<<_sub->GetState()<<endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::Update(Subject* sub)
{
_st = sub->GetState();
PrintInfo();
}
ConcreteObserverB::ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub)
{
_sub = sub;
_sub->Attach(this);
}
ConcreteObserverB::~ConcreteObserverB()
{
_sub->Detach(this);
//if (_sub != 0)
//{
// delete _sub;
//}
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverB::GetSubject()
{
return _sub;
}
void ConcreteObserverB::PrintInfo()
{
cout<<"ConcreteObserverB observer.... "<<_sub->GetState()<<endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverB::Update(Subject* sub)
{
_st = sub->GetState();
PrintInfo();
}
main.cpp
//main.cpp
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
ConcreteSubject* sub = new ConcreteSubject();
Observer* o1 = new ConcreteObserverA(sub);
Observer* o2 = new ConcreteObserverB(sub);
sub->SetState("old");
sub->Notify();
sub->SetState("new"); //也可以由Observer调用
sub->Notify();
delete o2;
o2 = NULL;
delete o1;
o1 = NULL;
delete sub;
sub =NULL;
system("pause");
return 0;
}