centos 6.5 安装 python pip

转载：https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-2/wiki/Installing-python-2.7-on-centos-6.3.-Follow-this-sequence-exactly-for-centos-machine-only

http://www.ouropera.net/article/531.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/balaamwe/p/3480430.html

How to install Python 2.7.6 on CentOS 6.3 (6.2 and 6.4 okay too, probably others)

stolen from Daniel Eriksson. Thanks Daniel!

http://toomuchdata.com/2012/06/25/how-to-install-python-2-7-3-on-centos-6-2/

(modified a little)

CentOS 6.2 ships with Python 2.6.6 and depends on that specific version. Be careful not to replace it or bad things will happen. If you need access to a newer version of Python you must compile it yourself and install it side-by-side with the system version.

Here are the steps necessary to install Python 2.7.6. Execute all the commands below as root. Either log in as root temporarily or use sudo.

Install development tools

In order to compile Python you must first install the development tools:

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

You also need a few extra libs installed before compiling Python or else you will run into problems later when trying to install various packages:

yum install zlib-devel
yum install bzip2-devel
yum install openssl-devel
yum install ncurses-devel
yum install sqlite-devel

Download, compile and install Python

The --no-check-certificate is optional

cd /opt
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz
tar xf Python-2.7.6.tar.xz
cd Python-2.7.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall

It is important to use altinstall instead of install, otherwise you will end up with two different versions of Python in the filesystem both named python.

(Depending on your version of wget, you may need to add the --no-check-certificate option to the wget command line.)

After running the commands above your newly installed Python 2.7.6 interpreter will be available as /usr/local/bin/python2.7 and the system version of Python 2.6.6 will be available as /usr/bin/python and /usr/bin/python2.6.

Check with:

root@lg1:/opt/Python-2.7.6 ] ls -ltr /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 Nov 16  2002 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python2.6-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python2.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 Oct 24 15:39 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config

root@lg1:/opt/Python-2.7.6 ] ls -ltr /usr/local/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6214533 Mar 19 22:46 /usr/local/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    1674 Mar 19 22:46 /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config

If things don't look right, you might need to create a symbolic link in /usr/local/bin

cd /usr/local/bin
ls -ltr python*

WARNING: don't do this before checking the $PATH for root. if it has /usr/local/bin before /usr/bin, it will see python2.7 first i.e.

root@openstack h2o]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If you add this link, do a "which python" for the user and for root. If root is pointing to /usr/local/bin/python, remove the link you just added, and figure out something else.

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python

final check:

sudo sh
root@lg1:~ ] which python
/usr/bin/python
root@lg1:/home/0xdiag ] python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 10 2013, 22:48:45) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux2
root@lg1:~ ] exit

sudo - user
user@lg1:~ ] which python
/usr/local/bin/python
user@lg1:~ ] python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 19 2014, 22:45:29) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

Installing and configuring distribute (setuptools)

After installing Python 2.7.6 you also need to install distribute (setuptools) so you can easily install new packages in the right location.

wget https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py
sudo /usr/local/bin/python2.7 ez_setup.py
sudo /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7 pip

The commands above will generate the script /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7. Use this script to install packages for your new Python version. You should be able to use "easy_install" if "which easy_install" points to the correct 2.7 versions

I'm jumping between two different machine installs here, sorry about that, pay attention to /usr/local/bin vs /usr/bin

0xdiag@lg1$ which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip

$ which easy_install
/usr/local/bin/easy_install

$ ls -ltr /usr/local/bin/easy_install*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 340 Jan 30  2013 /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 332 Jan 30  2013 /usr/local/bin/easy_install

sudo /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7 requests
sudo /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7 psutil
sudo /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7 paramiko

(for normal user, easy_install should work too, if your PATH gets /usr/local/bin first)

I had to rename pip and easy_install in /user/local/bin and create links. The existing ones were 2.6 variants. Check first though if pip and easy_install act right after install. On this system they did:

[root@openstack kevin]# cd /usr/local/bin
[root@openstack bin]# ls -ltr pip*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 213 Oct 20 22:55 pip2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 213 Oct 20 22:55 pip2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 296 Oct 20 22:58 pip3.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 290 Oct 20 22:58 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 292 Oct 20 22:58 pip3

I think if root uses pip or easy_install it will install into python 2.7, not 2.6 maybe that doesn't matter

On this system, it's because /usr/local/bin comes before /usr/bin

[root@openstack bin]# which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
[root@openstack bin]# which easy_install
/usr/local/bin/easy_install

[root@openstack bin]# pip --version
pip 1.5.6 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
[root@openstack bin]# easy_install --version
setuptools 7.0
[root@openstack bin]# pip2.7 --version
pip 1.5.6 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
[root@openstack bin]# 

Fixing the $PATH would make that correct, since the 2.6 gets resolved correctly with /usr/bin

[root@openstack bin]# /usr/bin/pip --version
pip 1.3.1 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)

root@openstack bin]# /usr/bin/easy_install --version
distribute 0.6.10

In any case, if this doesn't cause a problem due to $PATH in root or users, you can do this:

cd /usr/local/bin
mv pip pip2.6
mv easy_install easy_install-2.6
ln -s pip2.7 pip
ln -s easy_install-2.7 easy_install

result in /usr/local/bin

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6214533 Mar 19 22:46 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    1674 Mar 19 22:46 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      24 Mar 19 22:51 python -> /usr/local/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     323 Mar 19 23:18 easy_install-2.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     331 Mar 19 23:18 easy_install-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     296 Mar 19 23:22 pip2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     290 Mar 19 23:22 pip2.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     292 Mar 19 23:22 pip2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      16 Mar 19 23:29 easy_install -> easy_install-2.7

result in /usr/bin

 ls -ltr /usr/bin/pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 281 Oct 24 15:38 /usr/bin/pip

 ls -ltr /usr/bin/easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 323 Nov 11  2010 /usr/bin/easy_install