C#7.0-7.3

引用：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-version-history

7.0-7.3

元组和弃元

(string Alpha, string Beta) namedLetters = ("a", "b");
Console.WriteLine($"{namedLetters.Alpha}, {namedLetters.Beta}");

var alphabetStart = (Alpha: "a", Beta: "b");
Console.WriteLine($"{alphabetStart.Alpha}, {alphabetStart.Beta}");

模式匹配

public static int SumPositiveNumbers(IEnumerable<object> sequence)
{
    int sum = 0;
    foreach (var i in sequence)
    {
        switch (i)
        {
            case 0:
                break;
            case IEnumerable<int> childSequence:
            {
                foreach(var item in childSequence)
                    sum += (item > 0) ? item : 0;
                break;
            }
            case int n when n > 0:
                sum += n;
                break;
            case null:
                throw new NullReferenceException("Null found in sequence");
            default:
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unrecognized type");
        }
    }
    return sum;
}

• case 0: 是常见的常量模式。
• case IEnumerable<int> childSequence: 是一种类型模式。
• case int n when n > 0: 是具有附加 when 条件的类型模式。
• case null: 是 null 模式。
• default: 是常见的默认事例。

异步 main 方法

static async Task<int> Main()
{
    // This could also be replaced with the body
    // DoAsyncWork, including its await expressions:
    return await DoAsyncWork();
}

static async Task Main()
{
    await SomeAsyncMethod();
}

本地函数

public static IEnumerable<char> AlphabetSubset3(char start, char end)
{
    return alphabetSubsetImplementation();

    IEnumerable<char> alphabetSubsetImplementation()
    {
        for (var c = start; c < end; c++)
            yield return c;
    }
}

确认的特性

public void DoProcessing()
{
    TraceMessage("Something happened.");
}

public void TraceMessage(string message,
        [CallerMemberName] string memberName = "",
        [CallerFilePath] string sourceFilePath = "",
        [CallerLineNumber] int sourceLineNumber = 0)
{
    Trace.WriteLine("message: " + message);
    Trace.WriteLine("member name: " + memberName);
    Trace.WriteLine("source file path: " + sourceFilePath);
    Trace.WriteLine("source line number: " + sourceLineNumber);
}

// Sample Output:
//  message: Something happened.
//  member name: DoProcessing
//  source file path: c:\Visual Studio Projects\CallerInfoCS\CallerInfoCS\Form1.cs
//  source line number: 31

expression-bodied

// Expression-bodied constructor
public ExpressionMembersExample(string label) => this.Label = label;

private string label;

// Expression-bodied get / set accessors.
public string Label
{
    get => label;
    set => this.label = value ?? "Default label";
}

默认文本表达式

Func<string, bool> whereClause = default;

T[] InitializeArray<T>(int length, T initialValue = default)
{
    if (length < 0)
    {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length), "Array length must be nonnegative.");
    }

    var array = new T[length];
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        array[i] = initialValue;
    }
    return array;
}

void Display<T>(T[] values) => Console.WriteLine($"[ {string.Join(", ", values)} ]");

Display(InitializeArray<int>(3));  // output: [ 0, 0, 0 ]
Display(InitializeArray<bool>(4, default));  // output: [ False, False, False, False ]

System.Numerics.Complex fillValue = default;
Display(InitializeArray(3, fillValue));  // output: [ (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0) ]

数字文本语法改进

二进制文本和数字分隔符 

public const int Sixteen =   0b0001_0000;
public const int ThirtyTwo = 0b0010_0000;
public const int SixtyFour = 0b0100_0000;
public const int OneHundredTwentyEight = 0b1000_0000;

public const long BillionsAndBillions = 100_000_000_000;

public const double AvogadroConstant = 6.022_140_857_747_474e23;
public const decimal GoldenRatio = 1.618_033_988_749_894_848_204_586_834_365_638_117_720_309_179M;

out 变量

if (int.TryParse(input, out var answer))
    Console.WriteLine(answer);
else
    Console.WriteLine("Could not parse input");

命名实参

PrintOrderDetails(orderNum: 31, productName: "Red Mug", sellerName: "Gift Shop");
PrintOrderDetails(productName: "Red Mug", sellerName: "Gift Shop", orderNum: 31);

private protected 访问修饰符

protected internal 允许通过同一程序集中的类或派生类进行访问,private protected 限制对同一程序集中声明的派生类的访问

in 参数修饰符

ref引用可修改，out强制修改，in引用只读

通用的异步返回类型

public async ValueTask<int> Func()
{
    await Task.Delay(100);
    return 5;
}