HAVING 子句
在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是,WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用。
SQL HAVING 语法
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value
SQL HAVING 实例
(1)单列分组
我们拥有下面这个 "Orders" 表:
O_Id | OrderDate | OrderPrice | Customer |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2008/12/29 | 1000 | Bush |
2 | 2008/11/23 | 1600 | Carter |
3 | 2008/10/05 | 700 | Bush |
4 | 2008/09/28 | 300 | Bush |
5 | 2008/08/06 | 2000 | Adams |
6 | 2008/07/21 | 100 | Carter |
现在,我们希望查找订单总金额少于 2000 的客户。
我们使用如下 SQL 语句:
SELECT Customer,SUM(OrderPrice) FROM Orders GROUP BY Customer HAVING SUM(OrderPrice)<2000
结果集类似:
Customer | SUM(OrderPrice) |
---|---|
Carter | 1700 |
现在我们希望查找客户 "Bush" 或 "Adams" 拥有超过 1500 的订单总金额。
我们在 SQL 语句中增加了一个普通的 WHERE 子句:
SELECT Customer,SUM(OrderPrice) FROM Orders WHERE Customer='Bush' OR Customer='Adams' GROUP BY Customer HAVING SUM(OrderPrice)>1500
结果集:
Customer | SUM(OrderPrice) |
---|---|
Bush | 2000 |
Adams | 2000 |
(2)多列分组
-- 显示每个部门、每种岗位的平均工资和最高工资
Select deptno,job,avg(sal),max(sal) from emp group by deptno,job;
-- 注意: deptno 和 job 完全相同才显示一条记录。
order by
-- 使用 order by 语句 ,desc 是降序排列, asc 是升序排列 , 默认为升序排列
select * from student_1 order by age desc;
select * from student_1 order by age sname desc; 先按 age 排列,相同的 age 再按 sname 排列