伴生(Companion)
单例对象与同名类定义在同一文件中时形成绑定关系
- 同名类称为单例对象的伴生类(class)
- 单例对象称为同名类伴生对象(object)
伴生类与伴生对象可相互访问各自私有成员
伴生对象可为伴生类增加静态成员
伴生类与伴生对象
//Student.scala
//伴生类
class Student(n: String, a: Int) {
private var name = n //私有变量,伴生对象可以访问
private var age = a
}
//伴生对象
object Student {
//使用伴生对象的apply()方法省掉new关键字。
Student.apply()等价于Student()
def apply(n: String, a: Int): Student = new Student(n, a)
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val stu=Student("Jason",9) //通过伴生对象的apply()方法创建实例
println(stu.name)
}
}
示例
伴生类和伴生对象在同一个文件中,名字相同,class类称为object的伴生类,object称为class类的伴生对象
package packagetwo
class Teacher(uname:String,uage:Int) {//Scala主构造函数,主构造函数定义在类的头部
var name:String=uname
var age:Int=uage
def showClass():Unit={
println(name+"是你的名字,"+age+"是你的年龄")
}
def this(){
this("某某",0)
}
def this(name:String){
this(name,0)
}
def this(age:Int){
this("某某",age)
}
}
object Teacher{//static
private var name="张三"
private var age=20
def showObject():Unit={
println("你的名字是"+name+",你的年龄是"+age)
}
def apply(uname: String, uage: Int): Teacher = new Teacher(uname, uage)
def apply(uname:String):Teacher=new Teacher(uname)
def apply(uage:Int):Teacher=new Teacher(uage)
def apply():Teacher=new Teacher()
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
showObject()
var teacher1=new Teacher()
var teacher2=new Teacher("lz")
var teacher3=new Teacher(20)
teacher1.showClass()
teacher2.showClass()
teacher3.showClass()
var teacher4=Teacher()
var teacher5=Teacher("lw")
var teacher6=Teacher(18)
teacher4.showClass()
teacher5.showClass()
teacher6.showClass()
}
}
执行顺序:object到class。如果object中调用了class中的方法,那么顺序就是object到object中调用class中的方法,最后到class。