文章目录
1. mysql下载地址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads
2.下载mysql5.6
2.1 在云服务器上下载mysql5.6
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.47-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/ MySQL-devel-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2.2 先下载到本地磁盘。再上传到云服务器
rz -y
如果rz -y 不弹窗，就需要安装
yum install lrzsz -y
先建立一个mysql5.6文件夹，将mysql下载到该文件夹中，如下图
3.在安装之前，检查一下有没有系统自带的mysql相关的rpm文件,若有卸载掉
- 卸载rpm的命令rpm -e 或者rpm -e --nodeps
rpm -qa |grep -i mysql
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
防止系统已经安装了其他版本的mysql-libs包和mysql数据库文件导致不兼容。不执行这句，mysql可能无法启动
yum remove mysql-libs
检查一下有没有系统自带的mysql相关的rpm文件，发现有一个卸载掉
再次校验
4.开始安装–安装命令
- 安装命令如下
若安装mysql警告： Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
原因：这是由于yum安装了旧版本的GPG keys造成的
解决办法：后面加上
–force --nodeps
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.47-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
若还是出现：解决办法 后面加上–nosignature
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.47-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.47-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
若出现以下错误
执行以下命令，安装perl依赖
yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch
安装完server后的信息提示
[root@instance-6uz2q7zs home]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.47-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --force --nosignature
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:MySQL-server-5.6.47-1.el6 ################################# [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
2020-02-04 13:54:24 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-02-04 13:54:24 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2020-02-04 13:54:24 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.47) starting as process 15276 ...
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2020-02-04 13:54:24 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.47 started; log sequence number 0
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] Binlog end
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2020-02-04 13:54:25 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15276 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
2020-02-04 13:54:27 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-02-04 13:54:27 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.47) starting as process 15303 ...
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.47 started; log sequence number 1625977
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] Binlog end
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2020-02-04 13:54:27 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2020-02-04 13:54:29 15303 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.
Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.
In addition, you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
5.开启mysql服务并配置
5.1 开启mysql服务和停止mysql服务
service mysql start
service mysql stop
mysql 5.7 启动与停止
启动
1、使用linux命令service 启动：
service mysqld start
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：
/etc/inint.d/mysqld start
停止
1、使用 service 启动：
service mysqld stop
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：
/etc/inint.d/mysqld stop
如下图
我们可以查看进程中有没有mysql
ps -ef | grep mysql
很明显mysql已经成功启动了 我们接着再来看一下3306端口是否起了
lsof -i:3306
综上mysql服务启动成功.
6.设置自定义密码
我们使用这种方式 系统会自动给我们设置一个初始密码 我们来查看一下这个密码是什么
cat /root/.mysql_secret
可以看到初始密码是 2rw4z_UO_dMH0XZA
mysql5.7.37版本查看密码
因为mysql5.7为了安全性的考虑，在安装的时候随机生成了一个初始密码，放在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中。查询/var/log/mysqld.log文件中的初始密码。
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
接下来修改初始密码。先进入mysql数据库
mysql -uroot -p2rw4z_UO_dMH0XZA
中途出现如下状况：网上查找的方法试了试依然不起作用。
此时我用的是百度云服务器CentOS / 6.8 x86_64 (64bit)系统
问题没解决，去升级了百度云服务器的版本，重装了操作系统，重新安装mysql
接下来我们来设置我们想要的密码 我这里设置个简单的密码:123456
set PASSWORD=PASSWORD('123456');
设置成功。接下来我们用自己设置的密码登录
mysql -uroot -p123456
7开启远程服务
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root' @'%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;
本地连接服务器上的mysql成功
至此mysql安装及配置完成
8. MySQL的默认安装位置
8.1修改配置文件位置
[root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
1 /var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
2 /usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
3 /usr/bin #相关命令目录
4 /etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
8.2 数据库目录
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Feb 2 10:14 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 2 10:22 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 2 10:22 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 2 10:11 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Feb 2 10:22 instance-6uz2q7zs.pid
drwx--x--x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 2 10:11 mysql
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Feb 2 10:22 mysql.sock
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 2 10:11 performance_schema
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111 Feb 2 10:11 RPM_UPGRADE_HISTORY
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 111 Feb 2 10:11 RPM_UPGRADE_MARKER-LAST
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 2 10:11 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 2 12:02 zxhzn
8.3 配置文件目录/usr/share/mysql
my-default.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1153 Nov 27 02:18 binary-configure
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 bulgarian
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 charsets
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 czech
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 danish
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25575 Nov 27 00:53 dictionary.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 dutch
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 english
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 506879 Nov 27 00:53 errmsg-utf8.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 estonian
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 850129 Nov 27 01:03 fill_help_tables.sql
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 french
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 german
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 greek
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 hungarian
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3963 Nov 27 00:53 innodb_memcached_config.sql
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 italian
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 japanese
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 korean
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 773 Nov 27 00:53 magic
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1126 Nov 27 02:18 my-default.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1061 Nov 27 02:18 mysqld_multi.server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 844 Nov 27 02:18 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2121 Nov 27 00:53 mysql_security_commands.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10500 Nov 27 02:18 mysql.server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3972 Nov 27 00:53 mysql_system_tables_data.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 93667 Nov 27 00:53 mysql_system_tables.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10834 Nov 27 00:53 mysql_test_data_timezone.sql
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 norwegian
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 norwegian-ny
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 polish
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 portuguese
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 romanian
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 russian
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 SELinux
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 serbian
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 slovak
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 spanish
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 swedish
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 10:11 ukrainian
9 修改字符集和数据存储路径
cd到【/etc】目录下，编辑 my.cnf文件
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vim my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1
##(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000
#[mysql]
#default-character-set = utf8
10.问题说明
若是远程连接不成功
1.看看服务器上有没有开启3306端口
2.关掉防火墙
设置防火墙开放3306端口 外部navicat即可访问了
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
用百度云服务器CentOS / 7.6 x86_64 (64bit)系统 安装Mysql5.6.47
中途出现其它状况可以卸载从新安装
可以参考其它博客
原文链接https://blog.csdn.net/typa01_kk/article/details/49059729
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