nginx学习笔记

nginx定义：http服务器，反向代理服务器，邮件服务器。
常用功能：http代理，反向代理；负载均衡；Web缓存。

编辑安装命令：

1. ./configure
2. make
3. sudo make install

查看进程：ps -ef | grep nginx
停止：./nginx -g TERM | INT | QUIT
重启：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 或者sudo kill -HUP 6394
检查：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

模块化结构：

• 核心模块

• 标准http模块

• 可选http模块

• 邮件服务模块

• 第三方模块

请求处理机制：异步非阻塞和多进程机制
事件驱动机制：select库，poll库，epoll库，rtsig模型等
nginx服务器进程：

• 主进程

• 工作进程

• 缓存索引重建及管理进程

nginx后端服务器组的配置指令

• upstream
• server
• ip_hash
• keepalive
• least_conn

负载均衡配置：
8081和8080对应两个不同端口号的tomcat

upstream demo_site {
    server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;
    server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;
 }
location /demo {
        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;
}

使用proxy_cache 进行静态资源的缓存。

经过测试，第一次请求静态资源会经过web应用，之后请求由nginx直接返回。

nginx.conf示例：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid  logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    proxy_connect_timeout 5;
    proxy_read_timeout 60;
    proxy_send_timeout 5;
    proxy_buffer_size 16k;
    proxy_buffers 4 64k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    proxy_temp_path /var/tmp/temp_nginx;
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/ levels=1:2 keys_zone=nginx_cache:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g;

    upstream demo_site {
    server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;
    server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

    location ~* ^.+\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|html|htm)$ {

        access_log   logs/access.log;
        proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
         proxy_set_header Host $host;
         proxy_cache nginx_cache;
         proxy_cache_valid 200 302 12h;
         proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args%args;
         proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;
         expires 1d;
    }

    location /demo {
        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;

        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}