设计模式---行为类型---状态

1、意图

允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。

2、适用性

在下面的两种情况下均可使用State模式：

1）一个对象的行为取决于它的状态，并且它必须在运行时根据状态改变它的行为。

2）一个操作中含有庞大的多分支的条件语句，且这些分支依赖于该对象的状态。这个状态通常用一个或多个枚举常量表示。通常，有多个操作包含这一相同的条件结构。State模式将每个条件分支放入一个独立的类中。这使得你可以根据对象自身的情况将对象的状态作为一个对象，这一对象可以不依赖于其他对象而独立变化。

3、C++实例

// Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <list>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class TCPState;

class TCPClosed;

class TCPEstablished;

class TCPListen;

class TCPConnection
{
public:

	TCPConnection();

	void ActiveOpen();

	void PassiveOpen();

	void Close();

	void Send();

	void Acknowledge();

	void Synchronize();

	void ProcessOctet();

private:

	friend class TCPState;

	void ChangeState( TCPState* s );

private:

	TCPState *_state;
};


class TCPState
{
public:

	virtual void Transmit( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

	virtual void ActiveOpen( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}


	virtual void PassvieOpen( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

	virtual void Close( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

	virtual void Synchronize( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

	virtual void Acknowledge( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

	virtual void Send( TCPConnection *t )
	{

	}

protected:

	void ChangeState( TCPConnection *t, TCPState*s )
	{
		t->ChangeState( s );
	}

};

class TCPEstablished:public TCPState
{
public:

	static TCPState* Instance()
	{
		return &_establishedstate;
	}

	virtual void Transmit( TCPConnection *t )
	{
		t->ProcessOctet();
	}

	virtual void Close( TCPConnection *t );
	

private:

	static TCPEstablished _establishedstate;
};



TCPEstablished TCPEstablished::_establishedstate;

class TCPListen:public TCPState
{
public:

	static TCPState* Instance()
	{
		return &_listenstate;
	}

	virtual void Send( TCPConnection *t )
	{
		ChangeState( t, TCPEstablished::Instance() );
	}

	// .......
private:

	static TCPListen _listenstate;
};

TCPListen TCPListen::_listenstate;

class TCPClosed:public TCPState
{
public:

	static  TCPState* Instance()
	{
		return &_closedstate;
	}

	virtual void ActiveOpen( TCPConnection *t )
	{
		// send SYN, receive SYN, ACK, etc.

		ChangeState( t, TCPEstablished::Instance() );
	}


	virtual void PassvieOpen( TCPConnection *t )
	{
		ChangeState( t, TCPEstablished::Instance() );
	}
	

	// ....

private:

	static TCPClosed _closedstate;
};

TCPClosed TCPClosed::_closedstate;


void TCPEstablished::Close( TCPConnection *t )
{
	ChangeState( t, TCPListen::Instance() );
}

TCPConnection::TCPConnection()
{
	_state = TCPClosed::Instance();
}

void TCPConnection::ActiveOpen()
{
	_state->ActiveOpen( this );
}

void TCPConnection::PassiveOpen()
{
	_state->PassvieOpen( this );
}

void TCPConnection::Close()
{
	_state->Close( this );
}

void TCPConnection::Send()
{

}

void TCPConnection::Acknowledge()
{
	_state->Acknowledge( this );
}

void TCPConnection::Synchronize()
{
	_state->Synchronize( this );
}

void TCPConnection::ProcessOctet()
{

}

void TCPConnection::ChangeState( TCPState* s )
{
	_state = s;
}


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TCPConnection *tcpconnection = new TCPConnection;

	tcpconnection->ActiveOpen();

	delete tcpconnection;
	return 0;
}