Nginx+keepalived双机互备

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-19 15:48:07 发布

zhengdl126

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-19 15:48:07 发布

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分类专栏： nginx 文章标签： nginx UP Linux vim HTML

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhengdl126/article/details/83734102

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主服务器IP：211.151.138.2 从服务IP：211.151.138.3 虚IP：211.151.138.5 你可以将你网站域名解析到 211.151.138.5 这一个公网IP上，这样主从服务器可以轮流接管该虚IP，保证网站正常对外提供访问

Keepalived是Linux下面实现VRRP 备份路由的高可靠性运行件。基于Keepalived设计的服务模式能够真正做到主服务器和
备份服务器故障时IP瞬间无缝交接。在新浪动态应用平台上，Keepalived配合LVS在线上服务中有着很好的稳定性。

　　Nginx是基于Linux 2.6内核中epoll模型http服务器，与Apache进程派生模式不同的是Nginx进程基于于Master+Slave
多进程模型，自身具有非常稳定的子进程管理功能。在Master进程分配模式下，Master进程永远不进行业务处理，只是进行
任务分发，从而达到Master进程的存活高可靠性，Slave进程所有的业务信号都由主进程发出，Slave进程所有的超时任务都
会被Master中止，属于非阻塞式任务模型。在新浪博客应用平台上，经过将近8个月的运行，没有因为主进程退出或者子进
程僵死导致服务中致的故障存在。

　　在生产环境中，任何的机器宕机导致的损失都需要被降到最低，传统的生产环境中，都是将服务器直接放置在4/7层交
换机后面以避免因为服务器或者服务器软件故障导致的服务中止。当前的业务模式下，有许多高并发的服务需求，Js小文件、
高速动态接口、Nginx七层业务，都希望所有的Socket操作能够尽快完成，减少用户的时间等待。4/7层交换机由于负责了
新浪全站多个产品的服务，经常会成为高并发服务应用的一个制约条件。于是，就孕育出了使用 Keepalived+Nginx实现双
机交叉热备使用公网ip进行DNS轮询服务的想法，这个方案可以运用于需要高并发服务的所有应用环境。越少的 Socket通讯层，
数据到达用户桌面的速度越快。

　　1、服务器IP存活检测：

　　服务器IP存活检测是由Keepalived自己本身完成的，将2台服务器配置成Keepalived互为主辅关系，任意一方机器故障
对方都能够将IP接管过去。

　　2、服务器应用服务存活检测：

　　一个正常的业务服务，除了保证服务器的状态存活之外，还需要应用业务的存活。之前之所以有Apache服务器因为进程
僵死导致HTTP不响应从而影响服务是因为Apache的进程模式导致的。在Nginx的进程模型下，可以认为只要Nginx进程存活状态，
服务就是正常的，于是只需要做到检测进程存活就能够做到检测服务的存活。Slave进程的健康状态由Nginx自身的Master进
程去完成，Master进程的存活可以通过服务器上的专用脚本进行监测，一旦发现Nginx Master进程异常退出，则立即重新启
动Nginx进程，该方案已经在新浪博客系统上运行近半年。

　　3、服务器在线维护：

　　Keepalived的服务IP通过其配置文件进行管理，依靠其自身的进程去确定服务器的存活状态，如果在需要对服务器进程
在线维护的情况下，只需要停掉被维护机器的Keepalived服务进程，另外一台服务器就能够接管该台服务器的所有应用。

=============================内网测试

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝服务器和软件说明

nginx主   130
nginx从   131
vip       192.168.93.132

Keepalived 1.1.15
nginx-0.9.7
pcre-8.02

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝安装准备
yum list |grep pcre 已安装
nginx 已安装

分别在两台nginx机器创建测试文件(禁止负载反向代理)
echo "192.168.93.130" > /data0/htdocs/index.html
echo "192.168.93.131" >/data0/htdocs/index.html

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝nginx主 130 安装配置keepalived
http://www.keepalived.org/
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz

vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    notification_email {
    yuhongchun027@163.com
         }
    notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
     state MASTER
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 51
     mcast_src_ip 192.168.93.130
     priority 100
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass chtopnet
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.93.132
     }
}

service keepalived start

我们来看一下日志：
[root@ltos ~]# tail /var/log/messages
May 13 13:41:55 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
May 13 13:41:55 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 35980 Bytes
May 13 13:41:55 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
May 13 13:41:55 jushanwebdb Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=4990
May 13 13:41:56 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)]
May 13 13:41:57 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
May 13 13:41:58 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
May 13 13:41:58 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
May 13 13:41:58 jushanwebdb avahi-daemon[3091]: Registering new address record for 192.168.93.132 on eth0.
May 13 13:41:58 jushanwebdb Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.93.132

很显然vrrp已经启动，我们还可以通过命令：#ip a 来检查
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ab:e6:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.93.130/24 brd 192.168.93.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.93.132/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:e622/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

说明vip已经启动，这样主服务器就配置好了，辅机的配置大致一样，除了配置文件有少部分的变化，下面贴出辅机的配置文件：

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝nginx从 131 安装配置keepalived
http://www.keepalived.org/
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz

#tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.2.2
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#make
#make install
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
#mkdir /etc/keepalived
#cd /etc/keepalived/
#vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    notification_email {
    yuhongchun027@163.com
         }
    notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 51
     mcast_src_ip 192.168.93.131
     priority 100
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass chtopnet
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.93.132
     }
}

#service keepalived start

很显然vrrp已经启动，我们还可以通过命令：#ip a 来检查
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:2a:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.93.131/24 brd 192.168.93.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:2aeb/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
－－－－－注：此时为从，所以无显示inet 192.168.93.132/32 scope global eth0

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝测试
测试其效果方法很简单，分别在主辅机上建立不同的主页，
然后用客户机上http://192.168.93.132 ，显示nginx主的页面效果130

1）主机nginx down掉后辅机会马上接替提供服务，间隔时间几乎无法感觉出来,

我们关闭nginx主
访问http://192.168.93.132 显示 131
可查看naginx从＝》主后131的变换 #ip a 就可以看到inet 192.168.93.132/32 scope global eth0

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:2a:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.93.131/24 brd 192.168.93.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.93.132/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:2aeb/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

2）在开启nginx主服务器(keepalived 开机自动启动)
访问http://192.168.93.132 显示 130
可查看naginx从后131的变换 #ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4a:2a:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.93.131/24 brd 192.168.93.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4a:2aeb/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

================ 两台 ubuntu + nginx

配置一：

以前写过一篇，nginx+keepalived 双机互备的文章，写那篇文章的时候没有想过如果apache或者nginx 挂了，而 keepalived 或者机器没有死，那么主辅是不会切换的，今天就研究了一下该如何监控 nginx进程呢，看官方站看到了。vrrp_script 功能，但是用他的方法实在形不通，可能是我的方法不对，或者是个BUG。所以后来我自己写了个小脚本来完成工作。
环境
Server 1 : ubuntu-server 8.04.4          192.168.6.162
Server 2 : userver-server 8.04.4          192.168.6.188
软件
Keepalived 1.1.15
nginx-0.8.35
pcre-8.02
1.分别在两台服务器上安装nginx
tar jxvf pcre-8.02.tar.bz2
cd pcre-8.02
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-utf8 --enable-pcregrep-libbz2 --enable-pcregrep-libz
make
make install
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.35.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.35
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre --user=www --group=www --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-cc-opt=' -O3'
make
make install
2.分别在两台服务器编写配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user    www www;
worker_processes    1;
error_log    logs/error.log    notice;
pid                logs/nginx.pid;
events {
        worker_connections    1024;
}
http {
        include             mime.types;
        default_type    application/octet-stream;
        sendfile                on;
        tcp_nopush         on;
        keepalive_timeout    65;
        gzip    on;
        server {
                listen             80;
                server_name    localhost;
                index     index.html index.htm;
                root        /var/www;
                error_page     500 502 503 504    /50x.html;
                location = /50x.html {
                        root     html;
                }
        }
}
3.分别在两台机器创建测试文件
echo "192.168.6.162" > /var/www/index.html
echo "192.168.6.188" > /var/www/index.html
4.安装 keepalived
apt-get install keepalived
5.在server 1服务器编写配置文件
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
                script "/opt/nginx_pid.sh"         ###监控脚本
                interval 2                             ###监控时间
                weight 2                                ###目前搞不清楚
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER                            ### 设置为主
        interface eth0                             ### 监控网卡
        virtual_router_id 51                    ### 这个两台服务器必须一样
        priority 101                                 ### 权重值 MASTRE 一定要高于 BAUCKUP
        authentication {
                     auth_type PASS             ### 加密
                     auth_pass eric                ### 加密的密码，两台服务器一定要一样，不然会出错
        }
        track_script {
                chk_http_port                     ### 执行监控的服务
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
             192.168.6.7                            ###    VIP 地址
        }
}
6.在 server 2 服务器 keepalived 配置
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
                script "/opt/nginx_pid.sh"
                interval 2
                weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP                                ### 设置为辅机
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 51                        ### 与 MASTRE 设置值一样
        priority 100                                     ### 比 MASTRE权重值低
        authentication {
                     auth_type PASS
                     auth_pass eric                    ### 密码与 MASTRE 一样
        }
        track_script {
                chk_http_port
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
                 192.168.6.7
        }
}
7.编写监控nginx监控脚本
vim /opt/nginx_pid.sh
#!/bin/bash
# varsion 0.0.2
# 根据一网友说这样做不科学，如果nginx服务起来了，但是我把keepalived 杀掉了，我的理由是，如果nginx死掉了，我觉得就很难在起来，再有就是nagios 当然要给你报警了啊。不过这位同学说的有道理，所以就稍加改了一下脚本
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`                ## 查看是否有 nginx进程把值赋给变量A
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then                                         ## 如果没有进程值得为零
                /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
                sleep 3
                if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
                       killall keepalived                        ## 则结束 keepalived 进程
                fi
fi
8、测试,分别在两个服务器启动 nginx 和 keepalived
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
监控 server 1 的日志
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 3401 Bytes
Apr 20 18:37:39 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 35476 Bytes
Apr 20 18:37:40 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Apr 20 18:37:41 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Apr 20 18:37:41 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink: skipping nl_cmd msg...
Apr 20 18:37:41 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Script(chk_http_port) succeeded
监控 server 2的日志
Apr2018:38:23 varnish Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 3405 Bytes
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Using MII-BMSR NIC polling thread...
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 35486 Bytes
Apr 20 18:38:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Apr 20 18:38:25 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Script(chk_http_port) succeeded
看日志可以看出，两台服务器的 MASTRE 和 BACUKUP 已经都正常了
现在我们在 server 1 把 nginx 服务器停到
Server 1 $> killall nginx
这时候看server 1的日志
Apr 20 18:41:26 nginx Keepalived_healthcheckers: Terminating Healthchecker child process on signal
Apr 20 18:41:26 nginx Keepalived_vrrp: Terminating VRRP child process on signal
可以看出keepalived 的进程已经停到
这时候看server 2的日志，看是否已经接管
Apr 20 18:41:23 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Apr 20 18:41:24 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Apr 20 18:41:24 varnish Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink: skipping nl_cmd msg...
很明显的看出 server 2 已经接管了，已经变为 MASTER 了

配置二：

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
   xiaohan@163.com
        }
   notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER     <== 主MASTER，从为BACKUP，其他一样。
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.2.24    <== 主nginx的IP地址
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass chtopnet
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.2.96                   <==vip 地址
    }
}

重启keepalived，这里比较重要，很多朋友喜欢把sbin 里面的复制到/etc/init.d/下面，用service keepalvied restart 这种方式，不过这里不推荐，我也是这里这样做，结果出现很多的问题，建议用最老实的方法来重启:

#/usr/local/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/etc/keeplive/keepalived.conf

查看是否绑定了vip ，注意，用ifconfig是看不到的，要用ip a 来查看，切记切记。

Ok，成功，在BACKUP上也做同样的操作。

验证，其实很简单，一直ping 192.168.2.96 ，然后将主nginx的network停掉，可以看到大概有2个timeout，BACKUP在极短的时间内接替了工作。再将主的network开启，可以看到主又继续接替了BACKUP，继续工作。

配置三：

安装keepalived
tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make
make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
cd /etc/keepalived/
#####################################################
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
   yeli4017@163.com
        }
   notification_email_from yeli4017@163.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id web_nginx
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    garp_master_delay 10
    smtp_alert
    virtual_router_id 51
    mcast_src_ip 172.16.3.51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111chtopnet
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.3.199
    }
}
辅助服务器
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
   yuhongchun027@163.com
        }
   notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    mcast_src_ip 172.16.3.51              <==主nginx的IP的地址
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass chtopnet
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.3.199
    }
}

================ 两台 centos + nginx

由于nginx的url hash功能可以很好的提升squid的性能，所以我把squid前端的负载均衡器更换为nginx，但是一台nginx就形成了单点，现在使用 keepalived来解决这个问题，keepalived的故障转移时间很短，而且配置简单，这也是选择keepalived的一个主要原因，建议日 PV值小的中小型企业 web 均可采用如下方案实行，下面直接上安装步骤：

一、环境：
centos5.3、nginx-0.7.51、keepalived-1.1.19
主nginx负载均衡器：192.168.0.154
辅nginx负载均衡器：192.168.9.155
vip：192.168.0.188

二、安装keepalived

#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.1.19
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#make
#make install
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
#mkdir /etc/keepalived
#cd /etc/keepalived/

vim keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yuhongchun027@163.com
      }
notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface eth0
   virtual_router_id 51
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.154 <==主nginx的IP地址
   priority 100
   advert_int 1
   authentication {
      auth_type PASS
      auth_pass chtopnet
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
      192.168.0.188                   <==VIP地址
   }
}

#service keepalived start
我们来看一下日志：
[root@ltos ~]# tail /var/log/messages

Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.188 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering HINFO record with values 'I686'/'LINUX'.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:eeab on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Host name conflict, retrying with <ltos-31>
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:eeab on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.188 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering HINFO record with values 'I686'/'LINUX'.

很显然vrrp已经启动，我们还可以通过命令：#ip a 来检查

[root@ltos html]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
   inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
   link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9b:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   inet 192.168.0.154/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
   inet 192.168.0.188/32 scope global eth0
   inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:9be7/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
   link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

说明vip已经启动，这样主服务器就配置好了，辅机的配置大致一样，除了配置文件有少部分的变化，下面贴出辅机的配置文件：

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yuhongchun027@163.com
      }
notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP
   interface eth0
   virtual_router_id 51
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.155          <==从nginx的IP的地址
   priority 100
   advert_int 1
   authentication {
      auth_type PASS
      auth_pass chtopnet
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
      192.168.0.188
   }
}

检查其配置
[root@ltos html]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
   inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
   link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9b:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   inet 192.168.0.155/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
   inet 192.168.0.188/32 scope global eth0
   inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:9be7/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
   link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

测试其效果方法很简单，分别在主辅机上建立不同的主页，index.html的内容分别为192.168.0.154,192.168.0.155，然后用客户机上elinks http://192.168.0.188 ,主机down掉后辅机会马上接替提供服务，间隔时间几乎无法感觉出来,