MySQL主从原理
1. 主数据库记录binary-log日志
2. 从数据库从主DB上读取日志并记录到自己的relay-log文件中
3. 从数据读取relay-log并写入到库中
===========================================
【Master Server】192.168.92.132
1. 修改配置文件 [
mysqld]栏目下添加
server-id = 132 #server-id作为MySQL的标识符要保证唯一
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
2. 为Slave创建用户
mysql> grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to 'slave1'@'192.168.92.133' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3. 查看主数据库bin-log状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000013 | 516 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
【Slave Server】192.168.92.133
1. 修改配置文件 [
mysqld]栏目下添加
server-id = 133
log-bin = log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
relay_log = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-relay-bin # 指定中继日志
log_slave_updates = 1 # 不清楚干什么用的,但是不添加可能会出现一些问题
2. 关联到主DB
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '192.168.92.132', #主DB地址
-> MASTER_USER = 'slave1', #上面为从DB创建的User
-> MASTER_PASSWORD = '123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000013', #主DB当前bin-log文件
-> MASTER_LOG_POS = 516; #文件位置,当设为0会从这个文件的头部开始载入数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
3. 启用从服务
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
4. 查看服务状态,以下状态为正常连接
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.92.132
Master_User: slave1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 516
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 516
Relay_Log_Space: 456
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 132
Master_UUID: 94cc30d3-9596-11e4-97a1-000c294e3273
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 关闭服务
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
==========================================================
相关注意事项
1. 在配置好主从DB后需要先对数据进行同步,具体可以使用mysqldump等操作
2. 若配置好后未同步数据仅仅在从服务器创建了和主DB相同的数据库和表结构,从DB会同步从现在起的数据
3. 因为是使用VMware clone出来的机器进行的实验,实际操作过程中,在show slave status时,出现以下错误提示
解决
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
1. 清空MySQL Data下的数据
2. 重新初始化MySQL
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf data/*
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql