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mysql中实现级联删除
首先,目前在产品环境可用的MySQL版本(指4.0.x和4.1.x)中,只有InnoDB引擎才允许使用外键,所以,我们的数据表必须使用InnoDB引擎。
下面,我们先创建以下测试用数据库表:
- CREATE TABLE `roottb` (
- `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
- `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- ) TYPE=InnoDB;
-
- CREATE TABLE `subtb` (
- `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
- `rootid` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
- `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- INDEX (`rootid`),
- FOREIGN KEY (`rootid`) REFERENCES roottb(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
- ) TYPE=InnoDB;
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注意:
1、必须使用InnoDB引擎;
2、外键必须建立索引(INDEX);
3、外键绑定关系这里使用了“ ON DELETE CASCADE”,意思是如果外键对应数据被删除,将关联数据完全删除,更多信息请参考MySQL手册中关于InnoDB的文档;
好,接着我们再来插入测试数据:
- INSERT INTO `roottb` (`id`,`data`)
- VALUES ('1', 'test root line 1'),
- ('2', 'test root line 2'),
- ('3', 'test root line 3');
-
- INSERT INTO `subtb` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)
- VALUES ('1', '1', 'test sub line 1 for root 1'),
- ('2', '1', 'test sub line 2 for root 1'),
- ('3', '1', 'test sub line 3 for root 1'),
- ('4', '2', 'test sub line 1 for root 2'),
- ('5', '2', 'test sub line 2 for root 2'),
- ('6', '2', 'test sub line 3 for root 2'),
- ('7', '3', 'test sub line 1 for root 3'),
- ('8', '3', 'test sub line 2 for root 3'),
- ('9', '3', 'test sub line 3 for root 3');
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我们先看一下当前数据表的状态:
- mysql>; show tables;
- +----------------+
- | Tables_in_test |
- +----------------+
- | roottb |
- | subtb |
- +----------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
- mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
- +----+------------------+
- | id | data |
- +----+------------------+
- | 1 | test root line 1 |
- | 2 | test root line 2 |
- | 3 | test root line 3 |
- +----+------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
-
- mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- | id | rootid | data |
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- | 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
- | 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
- | 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
- | 4 | 2 | test sub line 1 for root 2 |
- | 5 | 2 | test sub line 2 for root 2 |
- | 6 | 2 | test sub line 3 for root 2 |
- | 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
- | 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
- | 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- 9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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嗯,一切都正常,好,下面我们要试验我们的级联删除功能了。
我们将只删除roottb表中id为2的数据记录,看看subtb表中rootid为2的相关子纪录是否会自动删除:
- mysql>; delete from `roottb` where `id`='2';
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
-
- mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
- +----+------------------+
- | id | data |
- +----+------------------+
- | 1 | test root line 1 |
- | 3 | test root line 3 |
- +----+------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
- mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- | id | rootid | data |
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- | 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
- | 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
- | 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
- | 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
- | 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
- | 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
- +----+--------+----------------------------+
- 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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嗯,看subtb表中对应数据确实自动删除了,测试成功。
结论:在MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除成功!
嗯,看subtb表中对应数据确实自动删除了,测试成功。
结论:在MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除成功!