MySQL主从配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-29 00:04:44 发布

zhengyshan

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-29 00:04:44 发布

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Name	Version
CentOS 7	3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
MySQL	14.14 Distrib 5.6.35, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

MySQL主从介绍

MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后，在A上写数据，另外一台B也会跟着写数据，两者数据实时同步的
MySQL主从是基于binlog的，主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。

主从过程大致有3个步骤1）主将更改操作记录到binlog里2）从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里（中文叫中继日志）3）从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行

主上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog
从上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地

主从特性：不能在从上写，主从有它的方向性，只能主上写，否则就会紊乱。

应用场景：

1、备份主上的数据，主宕机了即可启用从。

2、减轻主的压力，在从上读数据。

准备工作

mysql开机启动：chkconfig mysqld on

修改my.cnf，增加server-id=130和log_bin=zyshanlinux1

修改完配置文件后，启动或者重启mysqld服务

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 src]# vi /etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld]
  datadir=/data/mysql
  socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
  server-id=128
  log_bin=zyshanlinux1
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  ...
  
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 src]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
  Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
  Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 src]# pwd
  /usr/local/src
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 src]# cd /data/mysql
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# ls -lt
  total 110724
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 19 23:24 ib_logfile0
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 19 23:24 ibdata1
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   105453 Jul 19 23:24 zyshanlinux-001.err
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        6 Jul 19 23:24 zyshanlinux-001.pid
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       22 Jul 19 23:24 zyshanlinux1.index
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      120 Jul 19 23:24 zyshanlinux1.000001
  drwx------ 2 mysql mysql      324 Jul 18 00:21 zrlog
  drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jul 10 22:46 mysql2
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Jul  3 21:38 auto.cnf
  drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jul  3 21:31 mysql
  drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jul  3 21:31 performance_schema
  -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul  3 21:31 ib_logfile1
  drwx------ 2 mysql mysql        6 Jul  3 21:31 test

把mysql库备份并恢复成zyshan库，作为测试数据

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pmysql01 zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql
  Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# du -sh /tmp/zrlog.sql
  12K     /tmp/zrlog.sql
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pmysql01 -e "create database zyshan"
  Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pmysql01 zyshan < /tmp/zrlog.sql
  Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

以上的数据库操作都已经记录到binlog里面去了，多出来了2条，只要binlog二进制数据完整，也可以用binlog恢复数据库的，完全没问题。

创建用作同步数据的用户

进入数据库mysql

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pmysql01
  Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 11
  Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

创建用户repl，目标是从机的IP，赋予的权限replication slave，所有的库所有的表*.*，密码可以复杂点zyshanlinux111。

  mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.106.130' identified by 'zyshanlinux111';
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

锁表，是为了让表不继续写了。保持这个状态，便于从以同等的状态开始主从同步。

  mysql> flush tables with read lock;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

记住File和Position，（即位置和binlog的文件名。）

  mysql> show master status;
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  | File                | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  | zyshanlinux1.000003 |   671072 |              |                  |                   |
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> quit
  Bye

为了跟生产环境一样，尽可能把红线的库都做备份并同步；mysql不用同步，因为mysql里面存在很多用户密码，从机上不可能全部复制过去的。测试就选2个做同步备份就好：等下要把这2个mysql2.sql和zrlog.sql拷贝到从上去。

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# ls
  auto.cnf  ib_logfile0  mysql   performance_schema  zrlog   zyshanlinux-001.err  zyshanlinux1.000001  zyshanlinux1.000003
  ibdata1   ib_logfile1  mysql2  test                zyshan  zyshanlinux-001.pid  zyshanlinux1.000002  zyshanlinux1.index
  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# ls /tmp/*sql
  /tmp/mysql2.sql  /tmp/zrlog.sql

配置从

查看my.cnf，配置server-id=130（和从机的IP一样），要求和主不一样，从是不用二进制文件日志文件的。

  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

修改完配置文件后，启动或者重启mysqld服务

把主上zyshan库同步到从上，可以先创建zyshan库，然后把主上的/tmp/zrlog.sql拷贝到从上，然后导入zysahn库

  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# ls /data/mysql
  auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  test  zyshanlinux-02.err  zyshanlinux-02.pid
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# scp 192.168.106.128:/tmp/*sql /tmp/
  root@192.168.106.128's password: 
  mysql2.sql                                                                                  100%   30KB   1.1MB/s   00:00    
  zrlog.sql                                                                                   100%   10KB   5.8MB/s   00:00    
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot
  -bash: mysql: command not found
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql'
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump'
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 1
  Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
  mysql> create database zyshan;
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
  
  mysql> create database zrlog;
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> create database mysql2;
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>quit
  Bye

导入库，保证2边数据一致。

  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot zyshan < /tmp/zrlog.sql
  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/mysql2.sql

这一步要根据主上的File和Position来填写，实现主从关键的一步

  [root@zyshanlinux-02 ~]# mysql -uroot
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 5
  Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
  mysql> stop slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.106.128', master_user='repl', master_password='zyshanlinux111', master_log_file='zyshanlinux1.000003', master_log_pos=671072;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql> start slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql>

判断主从是否成功：show slave status\G

是否有这两个yes。

Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

还需关注
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 //为主从延迟的时间
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:

  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 671072
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 286
          Relay_Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes  ##有这两个yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  ##有这两个yes
                Replicate_Do_DB: 
            Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
             Replicate_Do_Table: 
         Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                     Last_Errno: 0
                     Last_Error: 
                   Skip_Counter: 0
            Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 671072
                Relay_Log_Space: 468
                Until_Condition: None
                 Until_Log_File: 
                  Until_Log_Pos: 0
             Master_SSL_Allowed: No
             Master_SSL_CA_File: 
             Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                Master_SSL_Cert: 
              Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                 Master_SSL_Key: 
          Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
  Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                  Last_IO_Errno: 0
                  Last_IO_Error: 
                 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                 Last_SQL_Error: 
    Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
               Master_Server_Id: 128
                    Master_UUID: 69cdc157-7ec6-11e8-9834-000c29a1d4eb
               Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
                      SQL_Delay: 0
            SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
        Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
             Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                    Master_Bind: 
        Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
       Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
                 Master_SSL_Crl: 
             Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
             Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
              Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                  Auto_Position: 0
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

还要到主上执行 unlock tables

  [root@zyshanlinux-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pmysql01
  Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 20
  Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
  mysql> unlock tables;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

主从上的数据一定要同步，如果不一致，后期会非常麻烦。

测试主从同步

几个配置参数：在/etc/my.cnf配置文件里配置。

  主服务器上
  binlog-do-db=      //仅同步指定的库
  binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定库
  从服务器上
  replicate_do_db= //仅同步指定的库，可以不用
  replicate_ignore_db= //忽略指定库，可以不用
  replicate_do_table= //仅同步表，尽量不用
  replicate_ignore_table= //不想同步表，尽量不用
  replicate_wild_do_table=   //如aming.%, 支持通配符% ，推荐用
  replicate_wild_ignore_table=  //推荐用

测试主从

1、数据变化

主操作：

  mysql> use zyshan;
  Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  
  Database changed
  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_zyshan |
  +------------------+
  | comment          |
  | link             |
  | log              |
  | lognav           |
  | plugin           |
  | tag              |
  | type             |
  | user             |
  | website          |
  +------------------+
  9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> select count(*) from lognav;
  +---------+
  | count(*) |
  +---------+
  |       2 |
  +---------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

从操作：

  mysql> use zyshan;
  Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  
  Database changed
  mysql> select count(*) from lognav;
  +---------+
  | count(*) |
  +---------+
  |       2 |
  +---------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

主操作：清空表的数据

  mysql> select count(*) from lognav;
  +----------+
  | count(*) |
  +----------+
  |        2 |
  +----------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> truncate table lognav;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql> select count(*) from lognav;
  +----------+
  | count(*) |
  +----------+
  |        0 |
  +----------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>
  
  mysql> select * from lognav;  ##确实是没数据了。
  Empty set (0.00 sec)

从操作：

  mysql> select count(*) from lognav;
  +----------+
  | count(*) |
  +----------+
  |        0 |
  +----------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> select * from lognav;  ##确实是没数据了。
  Empty set (0.00 sec)

2、表格删除

主操作：删除website表

  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_zyshan |
  +------------------+
  | comment          |
  | link             |
  | log              |
  | lognav           |
  | plugin           |
  | tag              |
  | type             |
  | user             |
  | website          |
  +------------------+
  9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> drop table website;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_zyshan |
  +------------------+
  | comment          |
  | link             |
  | log              |
  | lognav           |
  | plugin           |
  | tag              |
  | type             |
  | user             |
  +------------------+
  8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

从查看：website表也没了

  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_zyshan |
  +------------------+
  | comment          |
  | link             |
  | log              |
  | lognav           |
  | plugin           |
  | tag              |
  | type             |
  | user             |
  | website          |
  +------------------+
  9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_zyshan |
  +------------------+
  | comment          |
  | link             |
  | log              |
  | lognav           |
  | plugin           |
  | tag              |
  | type             |
  | user             |
  +------------------+
  8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

3、错误操作，主从不同步报错，恢复主从

从错误操作：在从上操作库，删除zyshan库，用show slave status\G查看虽然还是2个yes，但操作主后就会报错的。

  mysql> drop database zyshan;
  Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.12 sec)
  
  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 671072
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
  mysql> drop database zyshan;
  Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.12 sec)
  
  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 681862
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 11076
          Relay_Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

主操作：

  mysql> drop database zyshan;
  Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.18 sec)
  
  mysql>

从操作：报错了，Last_Error:错误提示是没有这个zyshan这个库可删除的。

  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 681960
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 11076
          Relay_Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: No
                Replicate_Do_DB: 
            Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
             Replicate_Do_Table: 
         Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                     Last_Errno: 1008
                     Last_Error: Error 'Can't drop database 'zyshan'; database doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'zyshan'. Query: 'drop database zyshan'

从操作：

在两边数据一致的时候（两边都删除，其他都没动）；可以尝试修复错误，不一定成功。

先停止从，再启动从；查看还是不行，只能从新做主从了。

  mysql> stop slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> start slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 681960
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 11076
          Relay_Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: No

从新做主从

主操作：

  mysql> show master status;
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  | File                | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  | zyshanlinux1.000003 |   681960 |              |                  |                   |
  +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql>

从操作：成功恢复主从

  mysql> stop slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.106.128', master_user='repl', master_password='zyshanlinux111', master_log_file='zyshanlinux1.000003', master_log_pos=681960;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql> start slave;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  
  mysql> show slave status\G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                    Master_Host: 192.168.106.128
                    Master_User: repl
                    Master_Port: 3306
                  Connect_Retry: 60
                Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 681960
                 Relay_Log_File: zyshanlinux-02-relay-bin.000002
                  Relay_Log_Pos: 286
          Relay_Master_Log_File: zyshanlinux1.000003
               Slave_IO_Running: Yes
              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

上面是主从数据还一致才能这么简单恢复成功主从。如果主从数据不一致的话，就必须去备份数据再恢复数据，再来做主从。

拓展：

遇到主从不能正常同步，提示uuid相同的错误。这是因为克隆机器导致。https://www.2cto.com/database/201412/364479.html扩展部分不停库不锁表在线主从配置 http://seanlook.com/2015/12/14/mysql-replicas/mysql主从常见问题 http://www.10tiao.com/html/706/201603/403220961/1.htmlmysql主从延迟 http://f.dataguru.cn/thread-461916-1-1.html 深入探究主从延迟 http://ningg.top/inside-mysql-master-slave-delay/mysql主从不同步如何做 http://www.jb51.net/article/33052.htmmysql 主主 http://www.cnblogs.com/ygqygq2/p/6045279.htmlmysql-proxy 实现读写分离 http://my.oschina.net/barter/blog/93354 mycat实现读写分离 http://www.th7.cn/db/mysql/201708/250280.shtmlatlas相关 http://www.oschina.net/p/atlasmysql一主多从 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c197d4201017qjs.htmlmysql环形主从 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/11437cobar实现分库分表 http://blog.csdn.net/huoyunshen88/article/details/37927553mysql分库分表方案 http://my.oschina.net/ydsakyclguozi/blog/199498mysql架构演变 http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-8025-1-1.htmlfMHA架构 http://www.dataguru.cn/thread-457284-1-1.html比较复杂的mysql集群架构 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/17026

直播拓展：

Mysql主从不同步解决方法http://www.rfyy.net/archives/2309.htmlMYSQL主从同步故障一例及解决过程！http://blog.51cto.com/storysky/259280MySQL auto_increment_increment，auto_increment_offset 用法https://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/39779509配置Mysql-proxy，实现读写分离http://blog.51cto.com/zzclinux/1980487MySQL分布式中间件MYCAT解析https://my.oschina.net/ruoli/blog/1789370学会数据库读写分离、分表分库——用Mycat https://www.cnblogs.com/joylee/p/7513038.htmlMySQL + Atlas 部署读写分离https://blog.csdn.net/AnPHPer/article/details/80566385Step By Step 搭建 MySql MHA 集群http://blog.51cto.com/xiaoshuaigege/2060768mysql双主+双从+keepalived+lvs架构http://ask.apelearn.com/question/17026

zhengyshan

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MySQL主从配置

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