这一次将介绍如何使用Graphics View来实现前面所说的画板。前面说了很多有关Graphics View的好话,但是没有具体的实例很难说究竟好在哪里。现在我们就把前面的内容使用Graphics View重新实现一下,大家可以对比一下看有什么区别。
同前面相似的内容就不再叙述了,我们从上次代码的基础上进行修改,以便符合我们的需要。首先来看MainWindow的代码:
mainwindow.cpp
#include
"mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
{
QToolBar *bar = this ->addToolBar( "Tools" );
QActionGroup *group = new QActionGroup(bar);
QAction *drawLineAction = new QAction( "Line" , bar);
drawLineAction->setIcon(QIcon( ":/line.png" ));
drawLineAction->setToolTip(tr( "Draw a line." ));
drawLineAction->setStatusTip(tr( "Draw a line." ));
drawLineAction->setCheckable( true );
drawLineAction->setChecked( true );
group->addAction(drawLineAction);
bar->addAction(drawLineAction);
QAction *drawRectAction = new QAction( "Rectangle" , bar);
drawRectAction->setIcon(QIcon( ":/rect.png" ));
drawRectAction->setToolTip(tr( "Draw a rectangle." ));
drawRectAction->setStatusTip(tr( "Draw a rectangle." ));
drawRectAction->setCheckable( true );
group->addAction(drawRectAction);
bar->addAction(drawRectAction);
QLabel *statusMsg = new QLabel;
statusBar()->addWidget(statusMsg);
PaintWidget *paintWidget = new PaintWidget( this );
QGraphicsView *view = new QGraphicsView(paintWidget, this );
setCentralWidget(view);
connect(drawLineAction, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this , SLOT(drawLineActionTriggered()));
connect(drawRectAction, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this , SLOT(drawRectActionTriggered()));
connect( this , SIGNAL(changeCurrentShape(Shape::Code)),
paintWidget, SLOT(setCurrentShape(Shape::Code)));
}
void MainWindow::drawLineActionTriggered()
{
emit changeCurrentShape(Shape::Line);
}
void MainWindow::drawRectActionTriggered()
{
emit changeCurrentShape(Shape::Rect);
}
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
{
QToolBar *bar = this ->addToolBar( "Tools" );
QActionGroup *group = new QActionGroup(bar);
QAction *drawLineAction = new QAction( "Line" , bar);
drawLineAction->setIcon(QIcon( ":/line.png" ));
drawLineAction->setToolTip(tr( "Draw a line." ));
drawLineAction->setStatusTip(tr( "Draw a line." ));
drawLineAction->setCheckable( true );
drawLineAction->setChecked( true );
group->addAction(drawLineAction);
bar->addAction(drawLineAction);
QAction *drawRectAction = new QAction( "Rectangle" , bar);
drawRectAction->setIcon(QIcon( ":/rect.png" ));
drawRectAction->setToolTip(tr( "Draw a rectangle." ));
drawRectAction->setStatusTip(tr( "Draw a rectangle." ));
drawRectAction->setCheckable( true );
group->addAction(drawRectAction);
bar->addAction(drawRectAction);
QLabel *statusMsg = new QLabel;
statusBar()->addWidget(statusMsg);
PaintWidget *paintWidget = new PaintWidget( this );
QGraphicsView *view = new QGraphicsView(paintWidget, this );
setCentralWidget(view);
connect(drawLineAction, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this , SLOT(drawLineActionTriggered()));
connect(drawRectAction, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this , SLOT(drawRectActionTriggered()));
connect( this , SIGNAL(changeCurrentShape(Shape::Code)),
paintWidget, SLOT(setCurrentShape(Shape::Code)));
}
void MainWindow::drawLineActionTriggered()
{
emit changeCurrentShape(Shape::Line);
}
void MainWindow::drawRectActionTriggered()
{
emit changeCurrentShape(Shape::Rect);
}
由于mainwindow.h的代码与前文相同,这里就不再贴出。而cpp文件里面只有少数几行与前文不同。由于我们使用Graphics View,所以,我们必须把item添加到QGprahicsScene里面。这里,我们创建了scene的对象,而scene对象需要通过view进行 观察,因此,我们需要再使用一个QGraphcisView对象,并且把这个view添加到MainWindow里面。
我们把PaintWidget当做一个scene,因此PaintWidget现在是继承QGraphicsScene,而不是前面的 QWidget。
paintwidget.h
#ifndef PAINTWIDGET_H
#define PAINTWIDGET_H
#include <QtGui>
#include <QDebug>
#include "shape.h"
#include "line.h"
#include "rect.h"
class PaintWidget : public QGraphicsScene
{
Q_OBJECT
public :
PaintWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
public slots:
void setCurrentShape(Shape::Code s)
{
if (s != currShapeCode) {
currShapeCode = s;
}
}
protected :
void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
private :
Shape::Code currShapeCode;
Shape *currItem;
bool perm;
};
#endif // PAINTWIDGET_H
#define PAINTWIDGET_H
#include <QtGui>
#include <QDebug>
#include "shape.h"
#include "line.h"
#include "rect.h"
class PaintWidget : public QGraphicsScene
{
Q_OBJECT
public :
PaintWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
public slots:
void setCurrentShape(Shape::Code s)
{
if (s != currShapeCode) {
currShapeCode = s;
}
}
protected :
void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
private :
Shape::Code currShapeCode;
Shape *currItem;
bool perm;
};
#endif // PAINTWIDGET_H
paintwidget.cpp
#include
"paintwidget.h"
PaintWidget::PaintWidget(QWidget *parent)
: QGraphicsScene(parent), currShapeCode(Shape::Line), currItem(NULL), perm( false )
{
}
void PaintWidget::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
switch (currShapeCode)
{
case Shape::Line:
{
Line *line = new Line;
currItem = line;
addItem(line);
break ;
}
case Shape::Rect:
{
Rect *rect = new Rect;
currItem = rect;
addItem(rect);
break ;
}
}
if (currItem) {
currItem->startDraw( event );
perm = false ;
}
QGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent( event );
}
void PaintWidget::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
if (currItem && !perm) {
currItem->drawing( event );
}
QGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent( event );
}
void PaintWidget::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
perm = true ;
QGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent( event );
}
PaintWidget::PaintWidget(QWidget *parent)
: QGraphicsScene(parent), currShapeCode(Shape::Line), currItem(NULL), perm( false )
{
}
void PaintWidget::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
switch (currShapeCode)
{
case Shape::Line:
{
Line *line = new Line;
currItem = line;
addItem(line);
break ;
}
case Shape::Rect:
{
Rect *rect = new Rect;
currItem = rect;
addItem(rect);
break ;
}
}
if (currItem) {
currItem->startDraw( event );
perm = false ;
}
QGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent( event );
}
void PaintWidget::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
if (currItem && !perm) {
currItem->drawing( event );
}
QGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent( event );
}
void PaintWidget::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
perm = true ;
QGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent( event );
}
我们把继承自QWidget改成继承自QGraphicsScene,同样也会有鼠标事件,只不过在这里我们把鼠标事件全部转发给具体的 item进行处理。这个我们会在下面的代码中看到。另外一点是,每一个鼠标处理函数都包含了调用其父类函数的语句。
shape.h
#ifndef SHAPE_H
#define SHAPE_H
#include <QtGui>
class Shape
{
public :
enum Code {
Line,
Rect
};
Shape();
virtual void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event ) = 0;
virtual void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event ) = 0;
};
#endif // SHAPE_H
#define SHAPE_H
#include <QtGui>
class Shape
{
public :
enum Code {
Line,
Rect
};
Shape();
virtual void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event ) = 0;
virtual void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event ) = 0;
};
#endif // SHAPE_H
shape.cpp
#include
"shape.h"
Shape::Shape()
{
}
Shape::Shape()
{
}
Shape类也有了变化:还记得我们曾经说过,Qt内置了很多item,因此我们不必全部重写这个item。所以,我们要使用Qt提供的类,就 不需要在我们的类里面添加新的数据成员了。这样,我们就有了不带有额外的数据成员的Shape。那么,为什么还要提供Shape呢?因为我们在scene 的鼠标事件中需要修改这些数据成员,如果没有这个父类,我们就需要按照Code写一个长长的switch来判断是那一个图形,这样是很麻烦的。所以我们依 然创建了一个公共的父类,只要调用这个父类的draw函数即可。
line.h
#ifndef LINE_H
#define LINE_H
#include <QGraphicsLineItem>
#include "shape.h"
class Line : public Shape, public QGraphicsLineItem
{
public :
Line();
void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
};
#endif // LINE_H
#define LINE_H
#include <QGraphicsLineItem>
#include "shape.h"
class Line : public Shape, public QGraphicsLineItem
{
public :
Line();
void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
};
#endif // LINE_H
line.cpp
#include
"line.h"
Line::Line()
{
}
void Line::startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
setLine(QLineF( event ->scenePos(), event ->scenePos()));
}
void Line::drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
QLineF newLine(line().p1(), event ->scenePos());
setLine(newLine);
}
Line::Line()
{
}
void Line::startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
setLine(QLineF( event ->scenePos(), event ->scenePos()));
}
void Line::drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
QLineF newLine(line().p1(), event ->scenePos());
setLine(newLine);
}
Line类已经和前面有了变化,我们不仅仅继承了Shape,而且继承了QGraphicsLineItem类。这里我们使用了C++的多继承 机制。这个机制是很危险的,很容易发生错误,但是这里我们的Shape并没有继承其他的类,只要函数没有重名,一般而言是没有问题的。如果不希望出现不推 荐的多继承(不管怎么说,多继承虽然危险,但它是符合面向对象理论的),那就就想办法使用组合机制。我们之所以使用多继承,目的是让Line类同时具有 Shape和QGraphicsLineItem的性质,从而既可以直接添加到QGraphicsScene中,又可以调用startDraw()等函 数。
同样的还有Rect这个类:
rect.h
#ifndef RECT_H
#define RECT_H
#include <QGraphicsRectItem>
#include "shape.h"
class Rect : public Shape, public QGraphicsRectItem
{
public :
Rect();
void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
};
#endif // RECT_H
#define RECT_H
#include <QGraphicsRectItem>
#include "shape.h"
class Rect : public Shape, public QGraphicsRectItem
{
public :
Rect();
void startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
};
#endif // RECT_H
rect.cpp
#include
"rect.h"
Rect::Rect()
{
}
void Rect::startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
setRect(QRectF( event ->scenePos(), QSizeF(0, 0)));
}
void Rect::drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
QRectF r(rect().topLeft(),
QSizeF( event ->scenePos().x() - rect().topLeft().x(), event ->scenePos().y() - rect().topLeft().y()));
setRect(r);
}
Rect::Rect()
{
}
void Rect::startDraw(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
setRect(QRectF( event ->scenePos(), QSizeF(0, 0)));
}
void Rect::drawing(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event )
{
QRectF r(rect().topLeft(),
QSizeF( event ->scenePos().x() - rect().topLeft().x(), event ->scenePos().y() - rect().topLeft().y()));
setRect(r);
}
Line和Rect类的逻辑都比较清楚,和前面的基本类似。所不同的是,Qt并没有使用我们前面定义的两个Qpoint对象记录数据,而是在 QGraphicsLineItem中使用QLineF,在QGraphicsRectItem中使用QRectF记录数据。这显然比我们的两个点的数据 记录高级得多。其实,我们也完全可以使用这样的数据结构去重定义前面那些Line之类。
这样,我们的程序就修改完毕了。运行一下你会发现,几乎和前面的实现没有区别。这里说“几乎”,是在第一个点画下的时候,scene会移动一段 距离。这是因为scene是自动居中的,由于我们把Line的第一个点设置为(0, 0),因此当我们把鼠标移动后会有一个偏移。
看到这里或许并没有显示出Graphics View的优势。不过,建议在Line或者Rect的构造函数里面加上下面的语句,
setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable,
true );
setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable, true );
setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable, true );
此时,你的Line和Rect就已经支持选中和拖放了!值得试一试哦!不过,需要注意的是,我们重写了scene的鼠标控制函数,所以这里的拖 动会很粗糙,甚至说是不正确,你需要动动脑筋重新设计我们的类啦!
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