helm3 安装 postgresql 高可用数据库（全网首发：包含k8s、nfs、storageclass安装步骤）

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已于 2022-04-21 09:40:31 修改

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分类专栏： kubernetes 文章标签： postgresql

于 2022-04-19 22:12:04 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhiboqingyun/article/details/124284083

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10 篇文章 5 订阅

订阅专栏

一、资源准备 (所有机器上执行)

主机名	公网 IP	私网 IP
k8s-master01	39.104.173.77	172.24.114.3
k8s-node01	39.104.179.210	172.24.114.4
k8s-node02	39.104.173.12	172.24.114.1
k8s-node03	39.104.177.2	172.24.114.2

更改主机名

# 在虚拟机 172.24.114.3 上，设置 k8s-master01 节点
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
bash #立马生效

# 在虚拟机 172.24.114.4 上，设置 k8s-node01 节点
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01
bash #立马生效

# 在虚拟机 172.24.114.1 上，设置 k8s-node02 节点
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02
bash #立马生效

# 在虚拟机 172.24.114.2 上，设置 k8s-node03 节点
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node03
bash #立马生效

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

允许 iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）

sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

关闭swap(k8s禁止虚拟内存提供性能)

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #关闭swap分区

配置/etc/hosts

# 自定义master与node IP，请根据个人情况修改
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.28.12.148 master1
172.28.12.149 node1
EOF

6.1 安装docker

#清理过往版本docker
 sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

#安装docker
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl status docker

6.2 修改docker驱动

执行kubeadm init集群初始化时遇到：

[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected “cgroupfs” as the Docker
cgroup driver. The recommended driver is “systemd”.

[警告IsDockerSystemdCheck]：检测到“cgroupfs”作为Docker cgroup驱动程序。
推荐的驱动程序是“systemd”

#新增配置文件
cat  >> /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
 "exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

#重启docker
systemctl restart docker
systemctl status docker

配置阿里云kubernetes软件源
报错：[Errno -1] repomd.xml signature could not be verified for kubernetes Trying other mirror.
解决：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/60134
处理：repo_gpgcheck=0

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
#repo_gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl

sudo yum update -y #针对修改repo_gpgcheck=0
# sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.19.4 kubeadm-1.19.4 kubectl-1.19.4 #可以根据github发布版本，指定
# sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0 #可以根据github发布版本，指定
sudo  yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl #最好不要指定版本，默认更新为最新
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
sudo systemctl start kubelet
#sudo systemctl status kubelet 此时kubelet还没有正常准备，待kubeadm init后master节点会ok，将node节点join添加后kubelet也会正常

在这里插入图片描述

检查工具安装

yum list installed | grep kubelet
yum list installed | grep kubeadm
yum list installed | grep kubectl

kubelet --version #查看集群版本结果 Kubernetes v1.23.3

二、kubeadm创建集群

kubeadm初始化集群 #在master上执行
切记修改为master的IP地址， --apiserver-advertise-address 172.24.114.3

#apiserver-advertise-address 172.28.12.148为master节点IP，根据个人master IP修改
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 172.24.114.3 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr 10.96.0.0/12
#--kubernetes-version v1.23.3 \ #本行，可以不添加，默认使用最新的版本

此处如果执行失败，可能master的IP填写错误或者未填写 --apiserver-advertise-address
172.24.114.3

kubeadm reset

然后输入：y
已完成 kubeadm init 重置，重新执行以上命令kubeadm init …

#客户端kubectl接入集群
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

注意：在worker节点上执行

#worker节点添加到集群 ---> 在worker节点node1上执行
#自动生成，请保留
kubeadm join 172.24.114.3:6443 --token bofh8w.5r6qwmvargj3d0do \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0724d03bf5ca008808b4dc9c68643c90e54d36733a487dc7d73`在这里插入代码片`0dca35a952b89

[root@iZ0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffZ ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                      STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz   NotReady   master   8m19s   v1.19.4
iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vfgz   NotReady   <none>   21s     v1.19.4

添加pod网络 flannel --> master节点执行

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

若上面网址较慢或无反应，请复制一下内容放置 kube-flannel.yml
cat kube-flannel.yml

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
  - configMap
  - secret
  - emptyDir
  - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
  verbs: ['use']
  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.16.3 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.3
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.16.3 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.3
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

kubectl apply -f ./kube-flannel.yml #此处应用后node状态由NotReady --> Ready

12.控制面master1查看集群

[root@iZ0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffZ ~]# kubectl get nodes 
NAME                      STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz   Ready    master   11m     v1.19.4
iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vfgz   Ready    <none>   3m14s   v1.19.4

[root@iZ0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffZ ~]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-6d56c8448f-n7f9k                          1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   coredns-6d56c8448f-tz6m4                          1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   etcd-iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz                      1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz            1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz   1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-7j7jn                             1/1     Running   0          9m51s
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-fdkbv                             1/1     Running   0          9m51s
kube-system   kube-proxy-fdz49                                  1/1     Running   0          12m
kube-system   kube-proxy-kgzcp                                  1/1     Running   0          20m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-iz0jlhvtxignmaozy30vffz            1/1     Running   0          20m

13.工作负载worker节点(k8s-node01、k8s-node02、k8s-node03 配置admin.conf，实现worker节点 kubectl get …)


# k8s-master01 传文件到k8s-node01、k8s-node02、k8s-node03
# 其中172.24.114.4为 k8s-node01 节点
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@172.24.114.4:/etc/kubernetes/

# 其中172.24.114.1为  k8s-node02 节点
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@172.24.114.1:/etc/kubernetes/

# 其中172.24.114.2为 k8s-node03 节点
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@172.24.114.2:/etc/kubernetes/

# 在k8s-node01、k8s-node02、k8s-node03 执行
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

node1查询集群信息

三、新增work节点

14、请按顺序执行0-9步骤

15、新worker节点添加到集群

#在新worker节点上
kubeadm join --token <token>  --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

kubeadm token list #集群创建在24小时以内，获取<token>
或者
kubeadm token create   #集群创超过24小时，获取<token>

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
   openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'  #获取<hash>

16、新节点配置kubectl客户端工具
请执行第13步骤
在这里插入图片描述

四、安装 NFS

主机名	公网 IP	私网 IP
k8s-master01	39.104.173.77	172.24.114.3
k8s-node01	39.104.179.210	172.24.114.4
k8s-node02	39.104.173.12	172.24.114.1
k8s-node03	39.104.177.2	172.24.114.2

4.0、搭建 NFS （选择 k8s-master01 172.24.114.3 ）

       server: 172.24.114.3 
       path: /data/postgresql

4.1 在提供 NFS 存储主机上执行，这里默认k8s-master01节点

yum install -y nfs-utils #这条命令所有节点master、worker都执行

echo "/data/postgresql *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports

# 执行以下命令，启动 nfs 服务;创建共享目录
mkdir -p /data/postgresql

# 在master执行
chmod -R 777 /data/postgresql

# 使配置生效
exportfs -r

#检查配置是否生效
exportfs

systemctl enable rpcbind && systemctl start rpcbind

systemctl enable nfs && systemctl start nfs

4.2 在worker主机上执行(k8s-node01 k8s-node02 k8s-node03)

yum install -y nfs-utils #这条命令所有节点master、worker都执行

showmount -e 172.24.114.3 #查看worker节点是否能查到master节点的nfs文件

五、配置 StorageClass 存储

vim postgresql-storage.yaml

## 创建了一个存储类
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: nfs-storage
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: nfs-provisioner  #Deployment中spec.template.spec.containers.env.name.PROVISIONER_NAME 保持一致
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "true"  ## 删除pv的时候，pv的内容是否要备份

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
          # resources:
          #    limits:
          #      cpu: 10m
          #    requests:
          #      cpu: 10m
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              value: nfs-provisioner
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 172.24.114.3 ## 指定自己nfs服务器地址
            - name: NFS_PATH  
              value: /data/postgresql  ## nfs服务器共享的目录
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 172.24.114.3
            path: /data/postgresql
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kubectl apply -f redis-storage.yaml

六、安装 helm

6.1 安装包的下载地址：https://github.com/helm/helm/releases
6.2 下载软件包：helm-v3.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz，如下二选一

wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz

# curl -L https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o helm-v3.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz

6.3 解压安装包

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# tar -zxvf helm-v3.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@k8s-master01~]# cd linux-amd64/
[root@k8s-master01 linux-amd64]# ls
 helm  LICENSE  README.md
[root@server1 linux-amd64]# cp helm /usr/local/bin/

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.6.2", GitCommit:"ee407bdf364942bcb8e8c665f82e15aa28009b71", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.16.5"}

七、helm 安装 postgresql-ha 高可用 postgresql 集群

7.1 Helm 添加第三方 Chart 库：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/
"stable" already exists with the same configuration, skipping

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo list
NAME    	URL                                      
bitnami 	https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami       
dandydev	https://dandydeveloper.github.io/charts  
stable  	http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/

推荐些许持续更新的 repo（此处不用执行）

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts  #微软的很全推荐
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami  #大部分都有
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add harbor https://helm.goharbor.io #harbor的
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add gpu-helm-charts https://nvidia.github.io/gpu-monitoring-tools/helm-charts    #NVIDIA DCGM的
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add elastic https://helm.elastic.co #elastic的 elasticsearch
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm repo add stablecharts https://charts.helm.sh/stable #不更新了还是有些东西的
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm update

7.2 添加第三库之后就可以使用以下方式查询：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm search repo postgresql
NAME                               	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                                       
bitnami/postgresql                 	11.1.20      	14.2.0     	PostgreSQL (Postgres) is an open source object-...
bitnami/postgresql-ha              	8.6.12       	11.15.0    	This PostgreSQL cluster solution includes the P...
stable/postgresql                  	8.6.4        	11.7.0     	DEPRECATED Chart for PostgreSQL, an object-rela...
stable/pgadmin                     	1.2.2        	4.18.0     	pgAdmin is a web based administration tool for ...
stable/stolon                      	1.6.5        	0.16.0     	DEPRECATED - Stolon - PostgreSQL cloud native H...
stable/gcloud-sqlproxy             	0.6.1        	1.11       	DEPRECATED Google Cloud SQL Proxy                 
stable/prometheus-postgres-exporter	1.3.1        	0.8.0      	DEPRECATED A Helm chart for prometheus postgres...

7.3 拉取并修改 postgresql-ha 安装包

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /root/postgres
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root/postgres/

[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# helm pull bitnami/postgresql-ha
[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# ll
total 60
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58200 Apr 19 19:15 postgresql-ha-8.6.12.tgz

[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# tar -xvf postgresql-ha-8.6.12.tgz 
postgresql-ha/Chart.yaml
postgresql-ha/Chart.lock
postgresql-ha/values.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/NOTES.txt
postgresql-ha/templates/_helpers.tpl
postgresql-ha/templates/extra-list.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/ldap-secrets.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/metrics-configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/networkpolicy-egress.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/networkpolicy-ingress.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/custom-users-secrets.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/deployment.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/initdb-scripts-configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/pdb.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/secrets.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/pgpool/service.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/podsecuritypolicy.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/extended-configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/hooks-scripts-configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/initdb-scripts-configmap.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/metrics-service.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/pdb.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/secrets.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/service-headless.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/service.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/servicemonitor.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/postgresql/statefulset.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/role.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/rolebinding.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/serviceaccount.yaml
postgresql-ha/templates/tls-secrets.yaml
postgresql-ha/.helmignore
postgresql-ha/README.md
postgresql-ha/ci/ct-values.yaml
postgresql-ha/ci/values-production-with-pdb.yaml
postgresql-ha/charts/common/Chart.yaml
postgresql-ha/charts/common/values.yaml
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_affinities.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_capabilities.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_errors.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_images.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_ingress.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_labels.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_names.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_secrets.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_storage.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_tplvalues.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_utils.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/_warnings.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_cassandra.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_mariadb.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_mongodb.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_postgresql.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_redis.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/templates/validations/_validations.tpl
postgresql-ha/charts/common/.helmignore
postgresql-ha/charts/common/README.md

[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# clear
[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# ll
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096 Apr 19 19:15 postgresql-ha
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58200 Apr 19 19:15 postgresql-ha-8.6.12.tgz

[root@k8s-master01 postgres]# cd postgresql-ha
[root@k8s-master01 postgresql-ha]# ll
total 184
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    220 Apr 16 19:41 Chart.lock
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Apr 19 19:15 charts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    803 Apr 16 19:41 Chart.yaml
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr 19 19:15 ci
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104836 Apr 16 19:41 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root   4096 Apr 19 19:15 templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  60838 Apr 16 19:41 values.yaml

编辑 postgresql-ha 安装包中 values.yaml
修改 global.storageClass: “nfs-storage”, 其它可默认，也可自行设置

[root@k8s-master01 postgresql-ha]# vi values.yaml 
# 修改 global.storageClass: "nfs-storage", 其它可默认，也可自行设置

[root@k8s-master01 postgresql-ha]# kubectl create namespace postgres
namespace/postgres created

# 也可 helm install -f values.yaml pgsql bitnami/postgresql-ha --version 8.1.2 -n postgres
[root@k8s-master01 postgresql-ha]# helm install pg . -n postgres
NAME: pg
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Apr 19 19:17:56 2022
NAMESPACE: postgres
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: postgresql-ha
CHART VERSION: 8.6.12
APP VERSION: 11.15.0
** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **
PostgreSQL can be accessed through Pgpool via port 5432 on the following DNS name from within your cluster:

    pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool.postgres.svc.cluster.local

Pgpool acts as a load balancer for PostgreSQL and forward read/write connections to the primary node while read-only connections are forwarded to standby nodes.

To get the password for "postgres" run:

    export POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace postgres pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.postgresql-password}" | base64 --decode)

To get the password for "repmgr" run:

    export REPMGR_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace postgres pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.repmgr-password}" | base64 --decode)

To connect to your database run the following command:

    kubectl run pg-postgresql-ha-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --namespace postgres --image docker.io/bitnami/postgresql-repmgr:11.15.0-debian-10-r63 --env="PGPASSWORD=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD"  \
        --command -- psql -h pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres

To connect to your database from outside the cluster execute the following commands:

    kubectl port-forward --namespace postgres svc/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool 5432:5432 &
    psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres

八、测试 postgresql-ha 高可用 postgresql 集群

8.1 查看安装 chart

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm list -A
NAME 	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                                	STATUS  	CHART               	APP VERSION
pg   	postgres 	1       	2022-04-19 19:17:56.077248068 +0800 CST	deployed	postgresql-ha-8.6.12	11.15.0    
redis	redis    	1       	2022-04-18 23:15:45.703701625 +0800 CST	deployed	redis-ha-4.4.6      	5.0.6

8.2 查看部署状态

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get all -n postgres
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
pod/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb-r2d58   1/1     Running   1 (160m ago)   163m
pod/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-0              1/1     Running   0              163m
pod/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-1              1/1     Running   2 (160m ago)   163m
pod/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-2              1/1     Running   2 (160m ago)   163m

NAME                                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool                ClusterIP   10.110.3.54     <none>        5432/TCP   163m
service/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql            ClusterIP   10.110.159.68   <none>        5432/TCP   163m
service/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-headless   ClusterIP   None            <none>        5432/TCP   163m

NAME                                      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool   1/1     1            1           163m

NAME                                                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb   1         1         1       163m

NAME                                           READY   AGE
statefulset.apps/pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql   3/3     163m

8.3 获取访问信息

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm list -A
NAME 	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                                	STATUS  	CHART               	APP VERSION
pg   	postgres 	1       	2022-04-19 19:17:56.077248068 +0800 CST	deployed	postgresql-ha-8.6.12	11.15.0    
redis	redis    	1       	2022-04-18 23:15:45.703701625 +0800 CST	deployed	redis-ha-4.4.6      	5.0.6      

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# helm status pg -n postgres
NAME: pg
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Apr 19 19:17:56 2022
NAMESPACE: postgres
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: postgresql-ha
CHART VERSION: 8.6.12
APP VERSION: 11.15.0
** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **
PostgreSQL can be accessed through Pgpool via port 5432 on the following DNS name from within your cluster:

    pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool.postgres.svc.cluster.local

Pgpool acts as a load balancer for PostgreSQL and forward read/write connections to the primary node while read-only connections are forwarded to standby nodes.

To get the password for "postgres" run:

    export POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace postgres pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.postgresql-password}" | base64 --decode)

To get the password for "repmgr" run:

    export REPMGR_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace postgres pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.repmgr-password}" | base64 --decode)

To connect to your database run the following command:

    kubectl run pg-postgresql-ha-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --namespace postgres --image docker.io/bitnami/postgresql-repmgr:11.15.0-debian-10-r63 --env="PGPASSWORD=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD"  \
        --command -- psql -h pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres

To connect to your database from outside the cluster execute the following commands:

    kubectl port-forward --namespace postgres svc/pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool 5432:5432 &
    psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres

8.4 登录 postgresql 数据库

a. 获取 postgresql 免密

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secret --namespace postgres pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.postgresql-password}" | base64 --decode
uRn2dcveza

b. 登录 postgresql

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl exec -it pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb-r2d58 -n postgres -- psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres

Password for user postgres:   #此处输入查出的密码：uRn2dcveza

psql (10.20, server 11.15)
WARNING: psql major version 10, server major version 11.
         Some psql features might not work.
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

c. 查询当前数据库

postgres=# select current_database();
 current_database 
------------------
 postgres
(1 row)

d. 查询当前用户( sql语句：select user; 或者：select current_user;)

postgres=# select user; 
   user   
----------
 postgres
(1 row)

e. 查看数据版本

postgres=# select version();
                                         version                                         
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 11.15 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
(1 row)

f. 数据库查所有表

postgres=# select * from pg_tables;
     schemaname     |        tablename        | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | rowsecurity 
--------------------+-------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------
 pg_catalog         | pg_statistic            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_foreign_table        | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_authid               | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_user_mapping         | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_subscription         | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_largeobject          | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_type                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_attribute            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_proc                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_class                | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_attrdef              | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_constraint           | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_inherits             | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_index                | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_operator             | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_opfamily             | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_opclass              | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_am                   | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_amop                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_amproc               | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_language             | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_largeobject_metadata | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_aggregate            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_statistic_ext        | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_rewrite              | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_trigger              | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_event_trigger        | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_description          | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_cast                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_enum                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_namespace            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_conversion           | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_depend               | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_database             | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_db_role_setting      | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_tablespace           | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_pltemplate           | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_auth_members         | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_shdepend             | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_shdescription        | postgres   | pg_global  | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_ts_config            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_ts_config_map        | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_ts_dict              | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f

g. 数据库主库查找

进入psql命令行环境，执行函数 select pg_is_in_recovery()，查询到的结果为
f 代表当前是主用，如果是 t 代表是备用（推荐）
从wal日志实现复制来进行初步判断，ps -ef|grep “postgres: wal”|grep -v “grep”（参考）

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl get svc -n postgres
NAME                                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool                ClusterIP   10.110.3.54     <none>        5432/TCP   3h3m
pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql            ClusterIP   10.110.159.68   <none>        5432/TCP   3h3m
pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-headless   ClusterIP   None            <none>        5432/TCP   3h3m


[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl get po -n postgres -o wide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE    IP            NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb-r2d58   1/1     Running   1 (3h1m ago)   3h3m   10.244.1.12   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-0              1/1     Running   0              3h3m   10.244.1.13   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-1              1/1     Running   2 (3h1m ago)   3h3m   10.244.3.10   k8s-node03   <none>           <none>
pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-2              1/1     Running   2 (3h1m ago)   3h3m   10.244.2.7    k8s-node02   <none>           <none>


[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl exec -it pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-0 -n postgres bash
[root@pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-0:/$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres
Password for user postgres: 
psql (11.15)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
 pg_is_in_recovery 
-------------------
 f
(1 row)


[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl exec -it pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-1 -n postgres bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
I have no name!@pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-1:/$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres
Password for user postgres: 
psql (11.15)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
 pg_is_in_recovery 
-------------------
 t
(1 row)


[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl exec -it pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-2 -n postgres bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
I have no name!@pg-postgresql-ha-postgresql-2:/$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres
Password for user postgres: 
psql (11.15)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
 pg_is_in_recovery 
-------------------
 t
(1 row)

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubectl exec -it pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb-r2d58 -n postgres bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
I have no name!@pg-postgresql-ha-pgpool-6d6748c5bb-r2d58:/$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres
Password for user postgres: 
psql (10.20, server 11.15)
WARNING: psql major version 10, server major version 11.
         Some psql features might not work.
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
 pg_is_in_recovery 
-------------------
 f
(1 row)

以上，可以看
出高可用 postgresql 数据库已搭建完毕，状态ok！

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helm3 安装 postgresql 高可用数据库（全网首发：包含k8s、nfs、storageclass安装步骤）

一、资源准备 (所有机器上执行)| 主机名 | 公网 IP | 私网 IP ||–|–|–|–|| k8s-master01 | 39.104.173.77 |172.24.114.3|| k8s-node01 | 39.104.179.210|172.24.114.4|| k8s-node02 | 39.104.173.12 |172.24.114.1|| k8s-node03 | 39.104.177.2 |172.24.114.2|更改主机名# 在虚拟机 172.24.114
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