文件上传
文件上传是项目开发中最常用的功能。为了能上传文件,必须将表单的 method 设置为 post,并将 enctype 设置为 multipart/form-data。只有在这种情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件二进制数据发送给服务器。
一旦设置了 enctype 为 multipart/form-data,浏览器即会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的 HTTP 响应。2003年,Apache Software Foundation 发布了开源的 Commons FileUpload 组件,其很快成为 Servlet/JSP 程序员上传文件的最佳选择。
Servlet 3.0 规范已经提供了方法来处理文件上传,但这种上传需要在 Servlet 中完成。而 Spring MVC 则提供了更加简单的封装。
Spring MVC 为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是即插即用的 MultipartResolver 实现的。Spring MVC 使用 Apache Commons FileUpload 技术实现了一个 MultipartResolver 实现类:CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,Spring MVC 的文件上传还需要依赖 Apache Commons FileUpload 的组件。
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <a href="toupload">去上传文件</a> </body> </html> |
upload.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>文件上传</title> </head> <body> <h2>文件上传</h2> <form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <table> <tr> <td>文件描述:</td> <td><input type="text" name="description" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>请选择文件:</td> <td><input type="file" name="file" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="submit" value="上传" /></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> |
UploadFile.java
package org.rjxh.www.controller; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; @Controller public class UploadFile { @RequestMapping(value="/toupload") public String toupload() { return "upload"; } @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("description") String description, @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws IllegalStateException, IOException { System.out.println(description); //如果文件不为空,则写入上传路径 if(!file.isEmpty()) { //上传路径 String uploadpath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images/"); System.out.println("uploadpath"+uploadpath); //上传文件名 String uploadfilename = file.getOriginalFilename(); File filepath = new File(uploadpath,uploadfilename); System.out.println("filepath"+filepath); //判断路径是否存在,如果不存在就创建一个 if(!filepath.getParentFile().exists()) { filepath.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } //将上传文件保存到一个目标文件夹当中 File dir = new File(uploadpath+File.separator+uploadfilename); System.out.println("dir"+dir); file.transferTo(dir); return "success"; }else { return "error"; } } } |
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <!-- Spring MVC 前端控制器--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> |
springmvc-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 扫描到有注解,就注册为bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.rjxh.www.controller" /> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!-- 文件上传解析器,最大能上传 10MB 文件 ,请求的编码格式要和jsp的pageEncoding一致--> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property> </bean> </beans> |
由于使用 Maven来构建项目,以下为 pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.rjxh.www</groupId> <artifactId>springmvcuploadfile</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> |