多任务机制下,程序跑在后台,用户使用服务,形成了一个良好的使用结构。程序运行的状态或结果,在不干扰用户当前使用的状态下,以通知的方式通知用户,能大大提升地用户的使用感。
在android下,与通知功能相关的组件大致有以下三大部分:
android.app.PendingIntent; android.app.NotificationManager; android.app.Notification;
NotificationManager可以通过系统的服务获取,我就是通过它向用户发出通知的
notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification,通知的主体,通过设置其各种属性,来实现通知的效果,
PendingIntent,Intent的封装类,主要是用来导向点击通知后要启动的Activity。不过这里主要牵涉到Intent属性的设置,以下两段代码,前者跳转Activity时会新建一个Activity的实例,后者则会先从栈堆里弹出
intent = new Intent(NotificationTest.this, NotificationTest.class);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK |
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
pendIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(NotificationTest.this, 0, intent, 0);
notif.contentIntent = pendIntent;
intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
intent.setClass(NotificationTest.this, NotificationTest.class);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK |
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED);
pendIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(NotificationTest.this, 0, intent, 0);
android下的通知组件使用起来很简单,下面是自己的一个例子,例子模拟下载的通知,并使用Timer和Handle一步更新通知上的进度条:
public class NotificationTest extends Activity {
private NotificationManager notificationManager;
private String svcName = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;
private Intent intent;
private PendingIntent pendIntent;
private Notification notif; //通知的变量
private RemoteViews rv = null; //自定义通知的外观
private final int NOFI_REF = 1; //通知的标志
private TextView tv = null;
private Timer timer = null;
private int number = 0;
private int num = 0;
private boolean isOver = true;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.myTv);
tv.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
if(number!=0){
tv.setText("down again! \n");
}
if (timer == null && isOver==true) {
setNotification();
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new MyTask(), 1000);
isOver = false;
}
}
});
tv.setText("Tis is Notification Test! \n Click screen to start! \n");
//获取系统的通知服务管理器实例
notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(svcName);
}
private void setNotification() {
long when = System.currentTimeMillis();
notif = new Notification(android.R.drawable.ic_media_rew,
"Test Notification", when); //new一个通知的实例,并设置在状态栏的显示方式
// 点击通知时转移的内容
intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
intent.setClass(NotificationTest.this, NotificationTest.class);
//设置intent的标志,以控制目标Activity的启动方式
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK |
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED);
pendIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(NotificationTest.this, 0, intent, 0);
notif.contentIntent = pendIntent; //
//notif.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND; //设置通知的声音,也可以通过uri属性自定义
long[] ss = {1000,500,1000};
notif.vibrate = ss; //设置通知时震动
rv = new RemoteViews(this.getPackageName(),
R.layout.my_notification_view); //设置通知自定义的外观
notif.contentView = rv; //
//设置进度条的最大进度和初始进度
notif.contentView.setProgressBar(R.id.pb, 100, 10, false);
//显示下载的内容
notif.contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_name, "正在下载");
//显示下载的进度
notif.contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_p, "0%");
notif.flags = Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT; //设置通知的标志,定义在通知栏上的显示方式
notificationManager.notify(NOFI_REF, notif); //向系统发出通知
}
class MyTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
Message msg = new Message();
num+=5;
Bundle b = new Bundle();
b.putInt("pb", num);
msg.setData(b);
msg.what = 1;
handeler.sendMessage(msg);
}
};
private Handler handeler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if(msg.what==1){
Bundle b =msg.getData();
int i = b.getInt("pb");
if(i<100){
tv.setText(tv.getText() + "Notification update:" + i + "\n");
timer.cancel();
timer = null;
if(i%10==0){
rv.setProgressBar(R.id.pb, 100, i, false); //更新进度条
rv.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_p, i+"%"); //更新label的值
notif.vibrate = null; //关掉震动
notif.defaults = 0; //关掉声音
notificationManager.notify(NOFI_REF, notif); //发出通知,更新通知栏上的状态
}
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new MyTask(), 500);
} else {
timer.cancel();
timer = null;
//notif.contentView.removeAllViews(R.id.progress_lay); //去掉进度条
//notif.contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_name, "下载完成"); //更新显示的信息
notif.setLatestEventInfo(NotificationTest.this,
"下载完成", "OK!", pendIntent); //如方法名称一样,设置要通知的最新事件信息
//要注意的是,绑定通知的contentView和通知的setLatestEventInfo方法,
//两者只能选一种,否则通知只会展现最后绑定的效果
notif.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; //设置通知在用户点击后就会自动取消
long[] ss = {1000,500,1000};
notif.vibrate = ss;
notif.number = ++number; //设置通知的条数
notificationManager.notify(NOFI_REF, notif); //发出通知,更新通知栏上的状态
isOver = true;
num = 0;
}
}
}
};
}