【Leetcode】Edit Distance #72

Given two words word1 and word2, find the minimum number of steps required to convert word1 to word2. (each operation is counted as 1 step.)

You have the following 3 operations permitted on a word:

a) Insert a character
b) Delete a character
c) Replace a character

方法一:

一开始自己用的动态规划，代码可以通过但是速度很慢。C++跑了240ms，而大多数C++仅需30ms。

class Solution {
public:
  int minDistance(string word1, string word2) {
    return minDistanceHelper(word1, 0, word2, 0);
  }
private:
  unordered_map<int, unordered_map<int, int>> record;
  int minDistanceHelper(string word1, int cur_1, string word2, int cur_2){
    int minValue;
    if (record.find(cur_1) != record.end() && record[cur_1].find(cur_2) != record[cur_1].end()) {
      minValue = record[cur_1][cur_2];
    }
    else if ( cur_1 == word1.size() && cur_2 == word2.size()) minValue = 0;
    else if (cur_1 == word1.size() && cur_2 != word2.size()) minValue = word2.size() - cur_2;
    else if (cur_1 != word1.size() && cur_2 == word2.size()) minValue = word1.size() - cur_1;
    else if (word1[cur_1] == word2[cur_2]) minValue = minDistanceHelper(word1, cur_1 + 1, word2, cur_2 + 1);
    else {
      int add_word1 = minDistanceHelper(word1, cur_1, word2, cur_2 + 1);
      int replace_word1 = minDistanceHelper(word1, cur_1 + 1, word2, cur_2 + 1);
      minValue = min(add_word1, replace_word1);
      int delete_word1 = minDistanceHelper(word1, cur_1 + 1, word2, cur_2);
      minValue = min(minValue, delete_word1);
      minValue += 1;
    }
    record[cur_1][cur_2] = minValue;
    return minValue;
  }
};

将递归改为循坏可以节省大量时间：

代码摘自：https://leetcode.com/discuss/43398/20ms-detailed-explained-c-solutions-o-n-space

解释的很好，值得复习时再看。

注意，循环时，i，j表示的是0..i-1和0..j-1的情况。若不如此，而用i，j表示0...i和0...j的情况，则当size为0时dp[m][n]等需要extra work。故在此不用

class Solution { 
public:
    int minDistance(string word1, string word2) { 
        int m = word1.length(), n = word2.length();
        vector<vector<int> > dp(m + 1, vector<int> (n + 1, 0));
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
            dp[i][0] = i;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            dp[0][j] = j;  
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
                if (word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]) 
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
                else dp[i][j] = min(dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1, min(dp[i][j - 1] + 1, dp[i - 1][j] + 1));
            }
        }
        return dp[m][n];
    }
};