1215: 排队情况

From: 合工宣OJ http://xcacm.hfut.edu.cn/problem.php?id=1215

题目描述
有n个人组成的队列，队列中不能有出现女生单独排的情况有多少种？
例如4个人，可组成以下合法情况
FFFF, FFFM, MFFF, FFMM, MFFM, MMFF, MMMM
F是女生M是男生
这种情况一共有7种

输入
多组测试数据，每组一个n代表人数(1<=n<=1000)

输出
每组测试数据输出合法情况数。

样例输入
1
2
3
样例输出
1
2
4

本题要首先自己找到递推公式 f[i]=f[i-1]+f[i-2]+f[i-3]; 理解起来很简单，如果最后一个人是女生前面一定还是女生；如果最后一个是男生，前面可能是男生、可能是女生（女生前面还是女生）。这样递推公式就有了。1<=n<=1000，需要用大整数。这道题原先A的时候题目说的不严谨后来才有更正。
代码如下：

#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<iosfwd>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<cstring>
#define MAX_L 2005 
using namespace std;
class bign                   //大整数
{
public:
        int len, s[MAX_L];
        bign();
        bign(const char*);
        bign(int);
        bool sign;
        string toStr() const;
        friend istream& operator>>(istream &,bign &);
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &,bign &);

        bign operator=(const char*);
        bign operator=(int);
        bign operator=(const string);

        bool operator>(const bign &) const;
        bool operator>=(const bign &) const;
        bool operator<(const bign &) const;
        bool operator<=(const bign &) const;
        bool operator==(const bign &) const;
        bool operator!=(const bign &) const;

        bign operator+(const bign &) const;
        bign operator++();
        bign operator++(int);
        bign operator+=(const bign&);
        bign operator-(const bign &) const;
        bign operator--();
        bign operator--(int);
        bign operator-=(const bign&);
        bign operator*(const bign &)const;
        bign operator*(const int num)const;
        bign operator*=(const bign&);
        bign operator/(const bign&)const;
        bign operator/=(const bign&);

        bign operator%(const bign&)const;
        bign factorial()const;
        bign Sqrt()const;
        bign pow(const bign&)const;

        void clean();
        ~bign();
};
#define max(a,b) a>b ? a : b
#define min(a,b) a<b ? a : b

bign::bign()
{
    memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
    len = 1;
    sign = 1;
}

bign::bign(const char *num)
{
    *this = num;
}

bign::bign(int num)
{
    *this = num;
}

string bign::toStr() const
{
    string res;
    res = "";
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        res = (char)(s[i] + '0') + res;
    if (res == "")
        res = "0";
    if (!sign&&res != "0")
        res = "-" + res;
    return res;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &in, bign &num)
{
    string str;
    in>>str;
    num=str;
    return in;
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, bign &num)
{
    out<<num.toStr();
    return out;
}

bign bign::operator=(const char *num)
{
    memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
    char a[MAX_L] = "";
    if (num[0] != '-')
        strcpy(a, num);
    else
        for (int i = 1; i < strlen(num); i++)
            a[i - 1] = num[i];
    sign = !(num[0] == '-');
    len = strlen(a);
    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); i++)
        s[i] = a[len - i - 1] - 48;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator=(int num)
{
    if (num < 0)
        sign = 0, num = -num;
    else
        sign = 1;
    char temp[MAX_L];
    sprintf(temp, "%d", num);
    *this = temp;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator=(const string num)
{
    const char *tmp;
    tmp = num.c_str();
    *this = tmp;
    return *this;
}

bool bign::operator<(const bign &num) const
{
    if (sign^num.sign)
        return num.sign;
    if (len != num.len)
        return len < num.len;
    for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        if (s[i] != num.s[i])
            return sign ? (s[i] < num.s[i]) : (!(s[i] < num.s[i]));
    return !sign;
}

bool bign::operator>(const bign&num)const
{
    return num < *this;
}

bool bign::operator<=(const bign&num)const
{
    return !(*this>num);
}

bool bign::operator>=(const bign&num)const
{
    return !(*this<num);
}

bool bign::operator!=(const bign&num)const
{
    return *this > num || *this < num;
}

bool bign::operator==(const bign&num)const
{
    return !(num != *this);
}

bign bign::operator+(const bign &num) const
{
    if (sign^num.sign)
    {
        bign tmp = sign ? num : *this;
        tmp.sign = 1;
        return sign ? *this - tmp : num - tmp;
    }
    bign result;
    result.len = 0;
    int temp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; temp || i < (max(len, num.len)); i++)
    {
        int t = s[i] + num.s[i] + temp;
        result.s[result.len++] = t % 10;
        temp = t / 10;
    }
    result.sign = sign;
    return result;
}

bign bign::operator++()
{
    *this = *this + 1;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator++(int)
{
    bign old = *this;
    ++(*this);
    return old;
}

bign bign::operator+=(const bign &num)
{
    *this = *this + num;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator-(const bign &num) const
{
    bign b=num,a=*this;
    if (!num.sign && !sign)
    {
        b.sign=1;
        a.sign=1;
        return b-a;
    }
    if (!b.sign)
    {
        b.sign=1;
        return a+b;
    }
    if (!a.sign)
    {
        a.sign=1;
        b=bign(0)-(a+b);
        return b;
    }
    if (a<b)
    {
        bign c=(b-a);
        c.sign=false;
        return c;
    }
    bign result;
    result.len = 0;
    for (int i = 0, g = 0; i < a.len; i++)
    {
        int x = a.s[i] - g;
        if (i < b.len) x -= b.s[i];
        if (x >= 0) g = 0;
        else
        {
            g = 1;
            x += 10;
        }
        result.s[result.len++] = x;
    }
    result.clean();
    return result;
}

bign bign::operator * (const bign &num)const
{
    bign result;
    result.len = len + num.len;

    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < num.len; j++)
            result.s[i + j] += s[i] * num.s[j];

    for (int i = 0; i < result.len; i++)
    {
        result.s[i + 1] += result.s[i] / 10;
        result.s[i] %= 10;
    }
    result.clean();
    result.sign = !(sign^num.sign);
    return result;
}

bign bign::operator*(const int num)const
{
    bign x = num;
    bign z = *this;
    return x*z;
}
bign bign::operator*=(const bign&num)
{
    *this = *this * num;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator /(const bign&num)const
{
    bign ans;
    ans.len = len - num.len + 1;
    if (ans.len < 0)
    {
        ans.len = 1;
        return ans;
    }

    bign divisor = *this, divid = num;
    divisor.sign = divid.sign = 1;
    int k = ans.len - 1;
    int j = len - 1;
    while (k >= 0)
    {
        while (divisor.s[j] == 0) j--;
        if (k > j) k = j;
        char z[MAX_L];
        memset(z, 0, sizeof(z));
        for (int i = j; i >= k; i--)
            z[j - i] = divisor.s[i] + '0';
        bign dividend = z;
        if (dividend < divid) { k--; continue; }
        int key = 0;
        while (divid*key <= dividend) key++;
        key--;
        ans.s[k] = key;
        bign temp = divid*key;
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
            temp = temp * 10;
        divisor = divisor - temp;
        k--;
    }
    ans.clean();
    ans.sign = !(sign^num.sign);
    return ans;
}

bign bign::operator/=(const bign&num)
{
    *this = *this / num;
    return *this;
}

bign bign::operator%(const bign& num)const
{
    bign a = *this, b = num;
    a.sign = b.sign = 1;
    bign result, temp = a / b*b;
    result = a - temp;
    result.sign = sign;
    return result;
}

bign bign::pow(const bign& num)const
{
    bign result = 1;
    for (bign i = 0; i < num; i++)
        result = result*(*this);
    return result;
}

bign bign::factorial()const
{
    bign result = 1;
    for (bign i = 1; i <= *this; i++)
        result *= i;
    return result;
}

void bign::clean()
{
    if (len == 0) len++;
    while (len > 1 && s[len - 1] == '\0')
        len--;
}

bign bign::Sqrt()const
{
    if(*this<0)return -1;
    if(*this<=1)return *this;
    bign l=0,r=*this,mid;
    while(r-l>1)
    {
        mid=(l+r)/2;
        if(mid*mid>*this)
            r=mid;
        else
            l=mid;
    }
    return l;
}

bign::~bign() {}

bign f[MAX_L];

int main()                       //主函数
{
    int a,i;
    f[0]=1;f[1]=1;f[2]=2;f[3]=4;
    for(i=4;i<=1000;i++)
    {
        f[i]=f[i-1]+f[i-2]+f[i-3];
    }
   while(cin>>a)
   {
        cout<<f[a]<<endl;
   }
    return 0;
}
/**************************************************************
    Problem: 1215
    User: 2014217052
    Language: C++
    Result: 正确
    Time:58 ms
    Memory:17232 kb
****************************************************************/