ServletContext对象

• 概念：代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信
• 功能：
  • 获取MIME类型
  • 是一个域对象，可以用来共享数据
  • 获取文件的真实路径（服务器路径）

获取对象

• 两种方法：

  • 通过request对象获取
  • 通过httpservlet对象获取

• 实践

package cn.oceanstart.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletContext")
public class ServletContext extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();


        System.out.println(context1 == context2);  // true --- 获取的是同一对象
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

获取MIME类型

• MIME类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
  • 格式：大类型/小类型 ----- 如text/html；image/jpeg
• 实践：

package cn.oceanstart.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletContext")
public class ServletContext extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       //1、获取对象
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //2、定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";

        //3、获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);   //image/jpeg
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

域对象：共享数据

• ServletContext对象范围：共享所有用户所有请求的数据，范围是最大的

• 项目目录：
  
  ServletContextDemo1内容：

package cn.oceanstart.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       //1、获取对象
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //设置数据
        context.setAttribute("msg", "哈哈");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

ServletContextDemo2内容

package cn.oceanstart.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、获取对象
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //获取数据
        System.out.println( context.getAttribute("msg"));;
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

浏览器访问：

<http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/ServletContextDemo1

然后访问:http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/ServletContextDemo2

获取文件的服务器路径

项目路径：

ServletContextDemo1内容：

package cn.oceanstart.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       //1、获取对象
        javax.servlet.ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //2、获取文件的服务器路径
        String realPath = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");  //web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(realPath); //E:\workspace\Demo\out\artifacts\Response_war_exploded\b.txt

        //WEB-INFO目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt"));// E:\workspace\Demo\out\artifacts\Response_war_exploded\WEB-INF\c.txt

        //src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(context.getRealPath("/WEB-INFO/classes/a.txt")); //E:\workspace\Demo\out\artifacts\Response_war_exploded\WEB-INFO\classes\a.txt
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}