5.高级语法与调试

# 补充几个高级函数
# zip
- 把两个可迭代内容生成一个可迭代的tuple元素类型组成的内容

# zip 案例
l1 = [ 1,2,3,4,5]
l2 = [11,22,33,44,55]

z = zip(l1, l2)

print(type(z))
print(z)

for i in z:
    print(i)

l1 = ["wangwang", "mingyue", "yyt"]
l2 = [89, 23, 78]

z = zip(l1, l2)

for i in z:
    print(i)
    
    
# 考虑下面结果，为什么会为空
l3 = [i for i in z]
print(l3)

# enumerate
- 跟zip功能比较像
- 对可迭代对象里的每一元素，配上一个索引，然后索引和内容构成tuple类型

# enumerate案例1
l1 = [11,22,33,44,55]

em = enumerate(l1)

l2 = [i for i in em]
print(l2)

em = enumerate(l1, start=100)

l2 = [ i for i in em]
print(l2)

# collections模块
- namedtuple
- deque

### namedtuple
- tuple类型
- 是一个可命名的tuple

import collections
Point = collections.namedtuple("Point", ['x', 'y'])
p = Point(11, 22) 
print(p.x)
print(p[0])

Circle = collections.namedtuple("Circle", ['x', 'y', 'r'])

c = Circle(100, 150, 50)
print(c)
print(type(c))

# 想检测以下namedtuple到底属于谁的子类
isinstance(c, tuple)

# dequeue
- 比较方便的解决了频繁删除插入带来的效率问题

from collections import deque

q = deque(['a', 'b', 'c'])
print(q)

q.append("d")
print(q)

q.appendleft('x')
print(q)

# defaultdict
- 当直接读取dict不存在的属性时，直接返回默认值

d1 = {"one":1, "two":2, "three":3}
print(d1['one'])
print(d1['four'])

from collections import defaultdict
# lambda表达式，直接返回字符串
func = lambda: "刘大拿"
d2 = defaultdict(func)

d2["one"] = 1
d2["two"] = 2

print(d2['one'])
print(d2['four'])

# Counter
- 统计字符串个数

from collections import Counter

# 为什么下面结果不把abcdefgabced.....作为键值，而是以其中每一个字母作为键值
# 需要括号里内容为可迭代
c = Counter("abcdefgabcdeabcdabcaba")
print(c)

s = ["liudana", "love", "love", "love", "love", "wangxiaona"]
c = Counter(s)

print(c)

# 调试技术
- 调试流程：单元测试->集成测试->交测试部
-  分类：
    - 静态调试：
    - 动态调试： 
# pdb调试
- 推荐文章
    - [官方网页（英文)](https://docs.python.org/2/library/pdb.html)
    - [pdb模块介绍](http://blog.csdn.net/carolzhang8406/article/details/6923997)
    - [pdb调试技巧](https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pythondebugger/)
        - 简单使用的介绍，推荐优先阅读
    - [pdb详细中文介绍](http://blog.csdn.net/wyb_009/article/details/8896744)
        - 主要是帮助文件的中文翻译
    - [调试案例01](https://www.cnblogs.com/dkblog/archive/2010/12/07/1980682.html)
    - [调试案例02](http://python.jobbole.com/81184/)
- pdb: python 调试库    

# pycharm调试
- run/debug模式 
- 案例01.py   
    
- 断点：程序的某一行，程序在debug模式下，遇到断点就会暂停
    
# 单元测试
- 推荐文档
    - [官方测试文档集合](https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy)
    - [测试案例01](http://blog.csdn.net/a542551042/article/details/46696635)
    - [PyUnit](https://wiki.python.org/moin/PyUnit)
    - [PyUnit详细讲解案例02](http://www.jb51.net/article/64119.htm)
    - [测试案例03](https://www.cnblogs.com/iamjqy/p/7155315.html) 

def SayHello(name):
    print("I want to say hello with your, {0}".format(name))
    print("Hello, {0}".format(name))
    print("Done...............")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print('***' * 10)
    name = input("Please input your name: ")
    print(SayHello(name=name) )
    print('@@@' * 10)
    # 测试案例