CentOS搭建FTP服务器（转）

https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-11/148518.htm

 

本文测试环境 
1、CentOS 7 
2、测试服务器IP 192.168.1.170

1、安装并启动 FTP 服务

1.1 安装 VSFTPD

使用 yum 安装 vsftpd

yum install -y vsftpd

1.2 启动 VSFTPD

安装完成后，启动 FTP 服务：

service vsftpd start

启动后，可以看到系统已经监听了 21 端口：

netstat -nltp | grep 21

此时，访问 ftp://192.168.1.170 可浏览机器上的 /var/ftp目录了。

2、配置 FTP 权限

2.1 了解 VSFTP 配置

vsftpd 的配置目录为 /etc/vsftpd，包含下列的配置文件：

• vsftpd.conf 为主要配置文件
• ftpusers 配置禁止访问 FTP 服务器的用户列表
• user_list 配置用户访问控制

2.2 阻止匿名访问和切换根目录

匿名访问和切换根目录都会给服务器带来安全风险，我们把这两个功能关闭。

编辑 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，找到下面两处配置并修改：

 

# 禁用匿名用户  12 YES 改为NO
anonymous_enable=NO

# 禁止切换根目录 101 行 删除#
chroot_local_user=YES

编辑完成后保存配置，重新启动 FTP 服务

service vsftpd restart

2.3 创建 FTP 用户

创建一个用户 ftpuser

useradd ftpuser

为用户 ftpuser 设置密码

echo "javen205" | passwd ftpuser --stdin

2.4 限制该用户仅能通过 FTP 访问

限制用户 ftpuser只能通过 FTP 访问服务器，而不能直接登录服务器：

usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser

2.5 为用户分配主目录

为用户 ftpuser创建主目录并约定：

/data/ftp 为主目录, 该目录不可上传文件 
/data/ftp/pub 文件只能上传到该目录下

在/data中创建相关的目录

mkdir -p /data/ftp/pub

2.5.1 创建登录欢迎文件

 

echo "Welcome to use FTP service." > /data/ftp/welcome.txt

设置访问权限

chmod a-w /data/ftp && chmod 777 -R /data/ftp/pub

设置为用户的主目录：

usermod -d /data/ftp ftpuser

 

usermod -s /sbin/nologin  go778995

chmod a-w /opt/zjx/ftp 

usermod -d  /opt/zjx/ftp  go778995

3、访问FTP

根据您个人的工作环境，选择一种方式来访问已经搭建的 FTP 服务

注意：记得关闭防火墙或者开放FTP默认端口(21)

# 关闭SELinux服务
setenforce 0 
# 关闭防火墙
iptables -F 

• 通过 Windows 资源管理器访问

Windows 用户可以复制下面的链接 
到资源管理器的地址栏访问：

ftp://ftpuser:javen205@192.168.1.170 

其中ftpuser为登录FTP的用户名，javen205为登录FTP的密码

 

自己实际配置可正常访问下载的vsftpd.conf配置文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
#userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES