/*--------------------------------------
TYPER.C -- Typing Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
--------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define BUFFER(x,y) *(pBuffer + y * cxBuffer + x) //定义了一个缓冲区，要访问缓冲区的内容，需要知道行和列的位置，才能访问具体某个位置的内容
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Typer") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Typing Program"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static DWORD dwCharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET ;
static int cxChar, cyChar, cxClient, cyClient, cxBuffer, cyBuffer,
xCaret, yCaret ;
static TCHAR * pBuffer = NULL ;
HDC hdc ;
int x, y, i ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
TEXTMETRIC tm ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE:
dwCharSet = wParam ;
case WM_CREATE: //相当于初始化，获取字体相关信息
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
SelectObject (hdc, CreateFont (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
dwCharSet, 0, 0, 0, FIXED_PITCH, NULL)) ; //创建一种字体
GetTextMetrics (hdc, &tm) ;
cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth ;
cyChar = tm.tmHeight ;
DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FONT))) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
// fall through
case WM_SIZE:
// obtain window size in pixels
if (message == WM_SIZE)
{
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
}
// calculate window size in characters
cxBuffer = max (1, cxClient / cxChar) ;
cyBuffer = max (1, cyClient / cyChar) ;
// allocate memory for buffer and clear it
if (pBuffer != NULL)
free (pBuffer) ;
pBuffer = (TCHAR *) malloc (cxBuffer * cyBuffer * sizeof (TCHAR)) ;//缓冲区大小：行和列相乘，在乘每一个点对于的大小
for (y = 0 ; y < cyBuffer ; y++)
for (x = 0 ; x < cxBuffer ; x++)
BUFFER(x,y) = ' ' ; //对缓冲区每个点初始化为空
// set caret to upper left corner
xCaret = 0 ;
yCaret = 0 ;
if (hwnd == GetFocus ())
SetCaretPos (xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar) ;
InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SETFOCUS: //窗体获得焦点，在wm_create和wm_size，wm_paint消息后被调用
// create and show the caret
CreateCaret (hwnd, NULL, cxChar, cyChar) ;
SetCaretPos (xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar) ;
ShowCaret (hwnd) ; //会一直的闪烁，直到碰到setcaretpos函数，重新确定光标的坐标
return 0 ;
case WM_KILLFOCUS:
// hide and destroy the caret
HideCaret (hwnd) ;
DestroyCaret () ;
return 0 ;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_HOME:
xCaret = 0 ;
break ;
case VK_END:
xCaret = cxBuffer - 1 ;
break ;
case VK_PRIOR:
yCaret = 0 ;
break ;
case VK_NEXT:
yCaret = cyBuffer - 1 ;
break ;
case VK_LEFT:
xCaret = max (xCaret - 1, 0) ;
break ;
case VK_RIGHT:
xCaret = min (xCaret + 1, cxBuffer - 1) ;
break ;
case VK_UP:
yCaret = max (yCaret - 1, 0) ;
break ;
case VK_DOWN:
yCaret = min (yCaret + 1, cyBuffer - 1) ;
break ;
case VK_DELETE:
for (x = xCaret ; x < cxBuffer - 1 ; x++)
BUFFER (x, yCaret) = BUFFER (x + 1, yCaret) ;
BUFFER (cxBuffer - 1, yCaret) = ' ' ;
HideCaret (hwnd) ;
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
SelectObject (hdc, CreateFont (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
dwCharSet, 0, 0, 0, FIXED_PITCH, NULL)) ;
TextOut (hdc, xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar,
& BUFFER (xCaret, yCaret),
cxBuffer - xCaret) ;
DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FONT))) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
ShowCaret (hwnd) ;
break ;
}
SetCaretPos (xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar) ; //在这个坐标位置闪烁，不需要调用ShowCaret，因为第一次调用ShowCaret后，就一直闪烁
return 0 ; //碰到SetCaretPos，重新确定了坐标，就在这个位置一直闪烁
case WM_CHAR:
for (i = 0 ; i < (int) LOWORD (lParam) ; i++)
{
switch (wParam)
{
case '\b': // backspace
if (xCaret > 0)
{
xCaret-- ;
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_KEYDOWN, VK_DELETE, 1) ;
}
break ;
case '\t': // tab
do
{
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CHAR, ' ', 1) ;
}
while (xCaret % 8 != 0) ;
break ;
case '\n': // line feed
if (++yCaret == cyBuffer)
yCaret = 0 ;
break ;
case '\r': // carriage return
xCaret = 0 ;
if (++yCaret == cyBuffer)
yCaret = 0 ;
break ;
case '\x1B': // escape
for (y = 0 ; y < cyBuffer ; y++)
for (x = 0 ; x < cxBuffer ; x++)
BUFFER (x, y) = ' ' ;
xCaret = 0 ;
yCaret = 0 ;
InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, FALSE) ;
break ;
default: // character codes
BUFFER (xCaret, yCaret) = (TCHAR) wParam ;
HideCaret (hwnd) ; //要再窗口中显示内容，需要把闪烁光标隐藏
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
SelectObject (hdc, CreateFont (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
dwCharSet, 0, 0, 0, FIXED_PITCH, NULL)) ;
TextOut (hdc, xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar,
& BUFFER (xCaret, yCaret), 1) ;
DeleteObject (
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FONT))) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
ShowCaret (hwnd) ; //内容显示完成后，需要把光标重新显示出来（不能省略这个语句）
if (++xCaret == cxBuffer)
{
xCaret = 0 ;
if (++yCaret == cyBuffer)
yCaret = 0 ;
}
break ;
}
}
SetCaretPos (xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar) ; //对字符消息改变了光标的坐标后，在新坐标进行闪烁
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
SelectObject (hdc, CreateFont (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
dwCharSet, 0, 0, 0, FIXED_PITCH, NULL)) ;
for (y = 0 ; y < cyBuffer ; y++)
TextOut (hdc, 0, y * cyChar, & BUFFER(0,y), cxBuffer) ;//着行输出窗口中的内容，其中cychar为每一行高度，cxbuffer为每行显示的字符数
//cybuffer用于控制行，每次循环，行数加一，输出该行的内容
DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FONT))) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
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