@Configuration的作用

@Configuration的作用是可以代替xml配置文件，通过代码定义一个配置类，被注解的类里面包含多个@Bean注解方法，这些方法会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描，用于定义Bean，初始化spring容器

@configuation 加载spring

@configuration 配置spring容器

@configuration标注在类上，相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的:作用为配置spring容器(应用上下文)

package com.dzh.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
        System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }
}

相当于：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
</beans>

主方法测试：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);

        // 如果加载spring-context.xml文件：
        // ApplicationContext context = new
        // ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    }
}

@configuration 启动容器+@Bean注册，@Bean管理Bean的生命周期

@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法)，等价于spring的xml配置文件中的，作用为：注册bean对象
bean类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
public class TestBean {
    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
    }
    public void start() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
    }
    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
    }
}

配置类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

public class TestBean {

    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
    }

    public void start() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
    }

    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
    }
}

@configuration启动spring容器，@component注册Bean

@conponent类似于xml配置文件中的
<context:component-scan base-package=“com.dzh.pojo”></context:component-scan>
可是实现自动注入

1. @controller控制器(注入服务)
2. @service（注入服务）
3. @repository(注入dao,实现dao访问)
   @conponent把普通pojo实例化到spring容器中，相当于配置文件中的
   @Component将标注@service, @Controller, @Repository注解的类，纳入进spring容器中管理。
   Bean类

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//添加注册bean的注解
@Component
public class TestBean {

    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
    }

    public void start() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
    }

    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
    }
}

配置类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解，basePackages为TestBean包路径
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
        System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }
    /*// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    // @Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
        return new TestBean();
    }*/
}

主方法测试获取Bean

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);

        // 如果加载spring-context.xml文件：
        // ApplicationContext context = new
        // ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        
         //获取bean
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
        tb.sayHello();
    }
}

使用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext注册AppContext类的俩种方法

1. 配置类的注册方式是将其传递给 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 构造函数

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
        //获取bean
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
        tb.sayHello();
    }

2. AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 的register 方法传入配置类来注册配置类

public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
  ctx.register(AppContext.class)
}

@Configuration总结

@Configuation等价于< Beans> </ Beans>
@Bean等价于< Bean> </ Bean>
@ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package=“com.dxz.demo”/>