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在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。
一、ribbon简介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
-----摘自官网
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-netflix/multi/multi_spring-cloud-ribbon.html
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
二、创建服务注册中心
创建服务端服务端,端口是8762,其他都一样
创建nacos-provider项目,添加SpringCloud nacos相关依赖
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2020.0.4</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>2021.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
创建application.yml配置文件
server.port=8762
spring.application.name=nacos-provider
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
NacosServerApplication增加@EnableDiscoveryClient
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
启动:nacos-provider,在nacos服务中心查看是否启动成功
创建客户端
创建nacos-consumer为客户端,增加SpringCloud、nacos相关配置
我们使用ribbon+rest,所以还需要加入spring-cloud-loadbalancer
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2020.0.4</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>2021.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
创建application.yml文件,增加如下内容
server.port=8882
spring.application.name=nacos-consumer
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
在NacosClientApplication上增加@EnableDiscoveryClient,并且增加负载均衡@LoadBalanced、RestTemplate
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
三、服务端创建一个服务提供者
在nacos-provider中,创建ProviderController,通过注解@RestController表明自己是一个服务端接口.
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ProviderController {
@Value("${server.port}")
String port;
@GetMapping("/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam(value = "name",defaultValue = "Nacos服务端消息",required = false)String name){
return "服务端【"+port+"】提供消息,客户端传过来的name= "+name;
}
}
在nacos-provider跟目录下执行:mvn clean package进行打包编译
进入target目录,执行:
java -jar nacos-provider-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8761
java -jar nacos-provider-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8762
测试两个服务
http://localhost:8761/hi?name=小明
服务端【8761】提供消息,客户端传过来的name= 小明
http://localhost:8762/hi?name=小黑
服务端【8762】提供消息,客户端传过来的name= 小黑
两个服务端接口启动成功
四、建一个服务消费者
写一个ConsumerController,并且在controller中通过RestTemplate调用服务端的服务接口hi
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value = "/hi-rest")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provider/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8763/hi-rest?name=小火锅,浏览器交替显示:
服务端【8761】提供消息,客户端传过来的name= 小火锅
服务端【8762】提供消息,客户端传过来的name= 小火锅
五、此时的架构
从这里可以看出来,Nacos主要是管理服务的地址、转发请求