接上一篇,在实际开发中,微服务架构通常会根据实际业务分不同的服务独立部署,服务与服务之间通过restful进行通讯。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。
1. Ribbon简介
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:
- IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
- IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
- IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
- ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
- ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
- ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
2. 再添加一个eureka client
你可以选择新建一个项目,也可以将上一篇中eurekaclient 项目先跑起来,然后修改application.yml中的端口号为8763,再重新跑一次main方法,这样就相当于有两个服务了。
访问http://localhost:8761/ 如下图:
发现已经注册了两个服务。
3. 搭建ribbon服务消费者
3.1 新建项目eurekaribbon pom文件如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yuanyuan</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekacribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eurekacribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
3.2 application.yml文件如下:
指定自己的服务注册中心的地址
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
3.3 启动类如下:
注入RestTemplate ,通过@LoadBalanced 注解,表明该RestTemplate 开启负载均衡功能。
package com.yuanyuan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaribbonApplication
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(EurekaribbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean // 注入RestTemplate
@LoadBalanced // 开启负载均衡
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3.4 新建service,代码如下:
通过RestTemplate 的方法调用服务接口,用服务名称代替url,在ribbon中会根据服务名称找到对应的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名。
package com.yuanyuan.eurekaservice;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String sayHi(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hi/hi?name=" + name, String.class);
}
}
3.5 新建controller,代码如下:
package com.yuanyuan.eurekacontroller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.yuanyuan.eurekaservice.HelloService;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name) {
return helloService.sayHi(name);
}
}
tips:
application启动类的目录要包含service和controller,不然启动之后会加载不是相应的内容。
访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=yuanyuan
多次刷新会发现8762和8763端口会交替出现,说明ribbon在调用服务的时候已经实现了负载均衡。