SpringBoot入门——我的第一个SpringBoot小程序

程序概述：

• 开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA；
• 使用框架Spring Boot；
• 程序功能：读书列表应用，用户可以添加自己喜欢的书目，在页面上会显示用户添加的所有书目。
• 所用技术：SpringBoot、Maven、Web、JPA、H2、Thymeleaf

项目构建

• 构建SpringBoot框架：浏览器输入http://start.spring.io，将会看到以下页面：

• 下载完成过后解压，用Idea打开即可看到

• ：

代码详情

• 完成后的项目完整结构
• ：
• pom.xml——项目的依赖文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.manning</groupId>
    <artifactId>readinglist</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>Reading List</name>
    <description>Reading List Demo</description>

    <parent>    <!--从spring-boot-starter-parent继承版本号-->
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

• 模型类Book

package readinglist;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * Created by hp on 2016/11/1.
 */
@Entity  //表明它是一个JPA实体
public class Book {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String reader;
    private String isbn;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private String description;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getReader() {
        return reader;
    }

    public void setReader(String reader) {
        this.reader = reader;
    }

    public String getIsbn() {
        return isbn;
    }

    public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
        this.isbn = isbn;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
}

• ReadingListApplication.java——应用启动入口

package readinglist;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

//应用程序的启动类
@SpringBootApplication //开启组件扫描和自动配置
public class ReadingListApplication extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ReadingListApplication.class, args); //负责启动引导应用程序
    }

}

• ReadingListController——项目的控制器

package readinglist;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by hp on 2016/11/1.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class ReadingListController {

    private ReadingListRepository readingListRepository;

    @Autowired
    public ReadingListController(ReadingListRepository readingListRepository){
        this.readingListRepository=readingListRepository;
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{reader}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String readersBooks(@PathVariable("reader") String reader, Model model){
        List<Book> readingList = readingListRepository.findByReader(reader);
        if(readingList != null){
            model.addAttribute("books",readingList);
        }
        return "readingList";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{reader}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addToReadingList(@PathVariable("reader") String reader,Book book){
        book.setReader(reader);
        readingListRepository.save(book);
        return "redirect:/{reader}";
    }
}

• ReadingListRepository——仓库类，负责向数据库存储数据

package readinglist;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by hp on 2016/11/1.
 */

//只要定义了仓库接口，SpringBoot会在运行时自动实现
public interface ReadingListRepository extends JpaRepository<Book,Long> {
    //两个参数：仓库操作的领域对象类型，ID属性的类型
    List<Book> findByReader(String reader);
}

• style.css——一个简单的css文件

body {
    background-color: #cccccc;
    font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;
}

.bookHeadline {
    font-size: 12pt;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.bookDescription {
    font-size: 10pt;
}

label {
    font-weight: bold;
}

• readingList.html——项目的页面

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
        xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>Reading List</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/style.css}"/>
</head>

<body>
<h2>Your Reading List</h2>
<div th:unless="${#lists.isEmpty(books)}">
    <dl th:each="book : ${books}">
        <dt class="bookHeadline">
            <span th:text="${book.title}">Title</span> by
            <span th:text="${book.author}">Author</span>
            (ISBN: <span th:text="${book.isbn}">ISBN</span>)
        </dt>
        <dd class="bookDescription">
          <span th:if="${book.description}"
                th:text="${book.description}">Description</span>
            <span th:if="${book.description eq null}">
                No description available</span>
        </dd>
    </dl>
</div>
<div th:if="${#lists.isEmpty(books)}">
    <p>You have no books in your book list</p>
</div>


<hr/>

<h3>Add a book</h3>
<form method="POST">
    <label for="title">Title:</label>
    <input type="text" name="title" size="50"/><br/>
    <label for="author">Author:</label>
    <input type="text" name="author" size="50"/><br/>
    <label for="isbn">ISBN:</label>
    <input type="text" name="isbn" size="15"/><br/>
    <label for="description">Description:</label><br/>
    <textarea name="description" cols="80" rows="5"></textarea><br/>
    <input type="submit"/>
</form>

</body>
</html>

• ReadingListApplicationTests——项目的测试类，用作测试项目框架是否完整。

package readinglist;

import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest  //此注解会自动搜索带有@SpringBootApplication的配置类
public class ReadingListApplicationTests {

    @Test
    @Ignore
    public void contextLoads() {

    }

}

• application.properties——SpringBoot的配置文件，本应用中为空。

运行效果

• 点击运行过后会看到以下页面：
  
• 在下方的表单里输入一组测试数据，点击提交会看到如下结果：