java_web学习第二天(ServletConfig和ServletContext对象的作用和使用)

ServletConfig

官方定义：
public abstract interface ServletConfig
A servlet configuration object used by a servlet container used to pass information to a servlet during initialization.


一个servlet的配置对象，用来给servlet容器传递信息到servlet，在Servlet初始化的时候。


ServletConfig的几个方法：
1.getInitParameter(java.lang.String name) ------>根据name，获取初始化信息
 Returns a String containing the value of the named initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not exist.


2.getInitParameterNames() ------>获取所有初始化信息的名称
          Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects, or an empty Enumeration if the servlet has no initialization parameters.


3.getServletContext() ------>获取ServletContext对象 
          Returns a reference to the ServletContext in which the caller is executing.


4.getServletName() ------>获取这个servlet实例的名称
          Returns the name of this servlet instance.

例子：
在web.xml中配置servlet并且设置servlet的初始化信息；

<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Servlet_03</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.enterise.always.servlet.Servlet_03</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>name_01</param-name>
			<param-value>value_01</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>name_02</param-name>
			<param-value>value_02</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>Servlet_03</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/servlet/Servlet_03</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

java：

package com.enterise.always.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Servlet_03 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		doPost(req, resp);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.获取ServletConfig对象
		ServletConfig config = getServletConfig();
		
			//1.getInitParameter
			String para_01 = config.getInitParameter("name_01");
			String para_02 = config.getInitParameter("name_02");
			
			System.out.println("para_01----------->"+para_01);
			System.out.println("para_02----------->"+para_02);
			
			//2.getInitParameterNames
			Enumeration enumeration = config.getInitParameterNames();
			while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()){
				String name = (String) enumeration.nextElement();
				String value = config.getInitParameter(name);
				System.out.println("name----------->"+name);
				System.out.println("value----------->"+value);
			}
			//3.getServletContext
			ServletContext servletContext = config.getServletContext();
			System.out.println("servletContext----------->"+servletContext);
			//4.getServletName
			String servletName = config.getServletName();
			System.out.println("servletName----------->"+servletName);
	}
}

后台打印数据：

para_01----------->value_01
para_02----------->value_02
name----------->name_02
value----------->value_02
name----------->name_01
value----------->value_01
servletContext----------->org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@b398da
----------->Servlet_03

例子：

在servlet创建的时候，获取数据库的链接信息：

1.在web.xml中配置数据库的连接信息

<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Servlet_04</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.enterise.always.servlet.Servlet_04</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>driver</param-name>
			<param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.driver</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>url</param-name>
			<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/data</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>user</param-name>
			<param-value>root</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>password</param-name>
			<param-value>root</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>

2.在servlet中获取数据:

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("Servlet_04.init()--2");
		
		Enumeration enumeration = config.getInitParameterNames();
		while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()){
			String name = (String) enumeration.nextElement();
			String value = config.getInitParameter(name);
			
			System.out.println("name----------->"+name);
			System.out.println("value-----------     >"+value);
		}
	}

后台打印数据：

2013-8-31 15:59:36 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: SessionListener: contextInitialized()
Servlet_04.init()--2
name----------->driver
value-----------     >com.mysql.jdbc.driver
name----------->password
value-----------     >root
name----------->user
value-----------     >root
name----------->url
value-----------     >jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/data
2013-8-31 15:59:36 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2013-8-31 15:59:36 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
信息: JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
2013-8-31 15:59:36 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/22  config=null
2013-8-31 15:59:36 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 738 ms

从数据打印信息中来看，在servlet创建的时候，就会调用初始化的方法。

原因是在web.xml中配置了：

<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

用途：

如果在<servlet>元素中配置了一个<load-on-startup>元素，那么WEB应用程序在启动时，就会装载并创建Servlet的实例对象、以及调用Servlet实例对象的init()方法。

为web应用写一个InitServlet，这个servlet配置为启动时装载，为整个web应用创建必要的数据库表和数据。

如果没有在servlet配置这个参数的话，在装载并创建servlet对象的时候是不会调用init方法的。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ServletContext：

官方文档定义：
public abstract interface ServletContext
Defines a set of methods that a servlet uses to communicate with its servlet container, for example, to get the MIME type of a file, dispatch requests, or write to a log file. 


There is one context per "web application" per Java Virtual Machine. (A "web application" is a collection of servlets and content installed under a specific subset of the server's URL namespace such as /catalog and possibly installed via a .war file.) 


In the case of a web application marked "distributed" in its deployment descriptor, there will be one context instance for each virtual machine. In this situation, the context cannot be used as a location to share global information (because the information won't be truly global). Use an external resource like a database instead. 


The ServletContext object is contained within the ServletConfig object, which the Web server provides the servlet when the servlet is initialized. 


安装在一个服务器中的一个特定URL名字空间（比如，/myapplication）下的所有Servlet，JSP，JavaBean等Web部件的集合构成了一个Web的应用，每一个Web应用（同一JVM），容器都会有一个背景对象，而javax.servlet.ServletContext接口就提供了访问这个背景对象的途径。


也就是说在整个web应用中，只有一个ServletContext，WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前web应用。


1.获取ServletContext实例：

	//1.第一种方式
		ServletContext servletContext_01 = this.getServletContext();
	//2.第二种方式
		ServletContext servletContext_02 = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
2.利用ServletContext实现数据共享：
	在Servlet_03中：
	//往servletContext对象中设置数据
	ServletContext servletContext = config.getServletContext();
	servletContext.setAttribute("name", "共享数据---》");
	在Servlet_04中：
	//从servletContext对象中获取数据
	ServletContext servletContext = getServletConfig().getServletContext();
	System.out.println("value------------>"+servletContext.getAttribute("name"));

3.在web.xml中配置初始化信息。
	<!-- context的配置信息 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>name_param1</param-name>
		<param-value>value_param1</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>name_param2</param-name>
		<param-value>value_param2</param-value>
	</context-param>




	获取初始化参数
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		
		Enumeration enumeration = context.getInitParameterNames();
		while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()){
			String name = (String) enumeration.nextElement();
			String value = (String) context.getInitParameter(name);
			
			System.out.println("name-------------->"+name);
			System.out.println("value----------------->"+value.toString());
		}
	


	控制台打印数据：


	name-------------->name_param2
	value----------------->value_param2
	name-------------->name_param1
	value----------------->value_param1


4.实现servlet的转发


		//4.实现servlet的转发。
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		//在request设置参数，然后在jsp界面中获取。
		req.setAttribute("name", "value");
		
		RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp");
		requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);


		在jsp界面获取的数据：
		 <%
    			String value = (String)request.getAttribute("name");
    			System.out.println("value-------------->"+value);
    		 %>

5.读取资源的配置文件。
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		
		InputStream inputStream = context.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
		
		ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] by = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		
		while((len = inputStream.read(by))!= -1){
			outStream.write(by, 0, len);
		}
		
		String content = new String(outStream.toByteArray());
		System.out.println("content------------->"+content);
		
		outStream.close();
		inputStream.close();